title: Pars 3, Cap. 7

title_alt:
De originalis peccati curatione
On the healing of original sin

source_text:
<!-- page 236 -->

### Capitulum VII. *De originalis peccati curatione.*

Postremo, modus *curationis* originalis hic est[^p236-1], quod sic curatur *culpa*, quod remanet *poena* temporalis, sicut patet in parvulis baptizatis; sic curatur quantum ad *reatum poenae aeternae*, quod remanet quantum ad *actum et motum concupiscentiae*; sic curatur in *parente*, quod nihilominus ab eo qui curatus est per baptismum, transmittitur in *prolem* originale peccatum; sic tollitur originalis peccati *macula*, quod remanet *sequela*, cum qua oportet pugnare, quamdiu vivimus in hac vita, quia in nullo prorsus exstinguitur concupiscentia per gratiam communem; quod dico propter beatissimam Virginem, in qua in conceptione Filii Dei exstincta fuit per gratiam singularem[^p236-2].

Ratio autem ad intelligentiam praedictorum haec est: quia, sicut *infectio* derivatur in omnes a principio *creato*, a quo fit corporum propagatio, et hoc a parte inferiori, scilicet carnis; sic *curatio* fieri habet a principio *increato*, a quo fit animarum infusio, et hoc a parte superiori, scilicet mentis. Quoniam igitur ex parte mentis distinctio est in hominibus, ita quod secundum illam non propagatur unus ab alio, sed immediate exit a Deo[^p236-3]; gratia curativa, menti nostrae a Deo infusa respicit unumquemque, in quantum tenet rationem personae singularis et individuae, non in quantum tenet rationem productivi secundum virtutem naturae. Quia ergo originale est morbus inficiens *personam* pariter et *naturam*, *personam* in voluntate, *naturam* in carne; ideo sic curatur macula originalis in *mente*, quod remanet infectio et sequela in *carne*.

Et quia homo generat, non secundum quod *curatus* in mente, sed secundum quod *corruptus* in carne, non secundum quod *spiritualis*, sed secundum quod *carnalis*; hinc est, quod quamvis sit baptizatus et sic ab originali mundatus in se, transmittit tamen originale in prolem.

Rursus, quia *reatus* poenae aeternae respicit deformitatem mentis et personae, *motus* autem respicit inclinationem carnis et naturae; ideo transit originale per baptismum quantum ad *reatum* et remanet quantum ad *actum*[^p236-4].

Postremo, quia temporalis afflictio conditionem respicit ex parte carnis; cum caro remaneat semper subiecta cuidam *infectioni*, remanere debet semper subiecta *poenalitati*: et ideo, sicut poenalitas et corruptio per gratiam non aufertur a carne; sic *sequela* illa sive concupiscentia et languor membrorum simul stare potest cum gratia curativa. Et ideo, quamvis paulatim minuatur, quia tamen radix non tollitur, nunquam omnino aufertur in viatore nisi in beatissima Virgine per gratiam singularem. Quia enim Virgo concepit eum qui erat expiatio omnis culpae, ideo data fuit ei gratia singularis, qua exstincta fuit in ea radicitus omnis concupiscentia, ad concipiendum Dei Filium absque omni[^p236-5] peccati labe et corruptela. « Nempe decens erat, ut ea puritate, qua maior sub Deo nequit intelligi, Virgo illa niteret, cui Deus Pater unicum Filium, quem de corde suo genitum sibi aequalem tanquam se ipsum diligebat, ita dare disponebat, ut naturaliter esset unus idemque communis Dei Patris et Virginis Filius; et quam ipse Filius substantialiter facere sibi matrem eligebat, et de qua Spiritus sanctus volebat et operaturus erat, ut conciperetur et nasceretur ille, de quo ipse procedebat[^p236-6] ».

---

english:
### Chapter VII. *On the healing of original sin.*

Lastly, the manner of the *healing* of original sin is this[^p236-1]: that *guilt* is so healed that a temporal *punishment* remains, as is clear in baptized infants; it is so healed as regards the *liability to eternal punishment* that it remains as regards the *act and motion of concupiscence*; it is so healed in the *parent* that nonetheless from him who has been healed through baptism original sin is transmitted into the *offspring*; the *stain* of original sin is so taken away that the *sequel* remains, with which we must fight so long as we live in this life, because in no one whatever is concupiscence utterly extinguished by common grace; which I say on account of the most blessed Virgin, in whom, in the conception of the Son of God, it was extinguished by a singular grace[^p236-2].

Now the reason for the understanding of the foresaid is this: since, just as the *infection* is derived into all from a *created* principle, from which comes the propagation of bodies, and this on the lower side, namely that of the flesh; so the *healing* has to be effected from an *uncreated* principle, from which comes the infusion of souls, and this on the higher side, namely that of the mind. Since, therefore, on the side of the mind there is distinction among men, in such wise that according to it one is not propagated from another, but goes forth immediately from God[^p236-3]; the healing grace, infused into our mind by God, regards each one insofar as he holds the account of a singular and individual person, not insofar as he holds the account of something productive according to the power of nature. Because, therefore, original sin is a disease infecting the *person* equally and the *nature* — the *person* in the will, the *nature* in the flesh — therefore the original stain is so healed in the *mind* that the infection and the sequel remain in the *flesh*.

And because man generates, not according as he is *healed* in mind, but according as he is *corrupted* in flesh, not according as he is *spiritual*, but according as he is *carnal*; hence it is that, although he be baptized and thus cleansed from original sin in himself, he nevertheless transmits original sin into his offspring.

Again, because the *liability* to eternal punishment regards the deformity of mind and of person, whereas the *motion* regards the inclination of flesh and of nature; therefore original sin passes over through baptism as regards the *liability*, and remains as regards the *act*[^p236-4].

Lastly, because temporal affliction regards the condition on the side of the flesh: since the flesh remains always subject to a certain *infection*, it must remain always subject to *penalty*; and therefore, just as penalty and corruption are not taken away from the flesh by grace, so that *sequel* — that is, concupiscence and the languor of the members — can stand together with healing grace. And therefore, although it is little by little diminished, yet because the root is not taken away, it is never wholly taken away in the wayfarer, save in the most blessed Virgin through a singular grace. For because the Virgin conceived him who was the expiation of all guilt, therefore there was given to her a singular grace, by which all concupiscence was extinguished in her at the root, for the conceiving of the Son of God without any[^p236-5] stain and corruption of sin. « Assuredly it was fitting that that Virgin should shine with a purity than which no greater under God can be understood — she to whom God the Father so disposed to give his only Son, whom, begotten of his own heart and equal to himself, he loved as his very self, that naturally he should be one and the same common Son of God the Father and of the Virgin; and whom the Son himself chose substantially to make his mother; and of whom the Holy Spirit willed and was about to work, that there should be conceived and born he from whom he himself proceeded[^p236-6] ».

---

la: Edd. *Postremo, diligenter attende, quod modus curationis culpae originalis est iste, scilicet.*

en: The editions have *Postremo, diligenter attende, quod modus curationis culpae originalis est iste, scilicet* ["Lastly, attend diligently, that the manner of the healing of original guilt is this, namely"].

la: Vide III. Sent. d. 3. p. I. per totam. De praecedentibus cfr. II. Sent. d. 32. a. 1.

en: See III *Sent.*, d. 3, p. I, throughout. On the things preceding, cf. II *Sent.*, d. 32, a. 1.

la: Cfr. cap. praeced. — Inferius pro *productivi* B *producti*.

en: Cf. the preceding chapter. — Below, for *productivi* B has *producti*.

la: August., I. de Nuptiis et concupisc. c. 26. n. 29: Sed quomodo manent [peccata actualia], si praeterita sunt, nisi quia praeterierunt actu, manent reatu? Sic itaque fieri e contrario potest, ut etiam illud [originale] maneat actu, praetereat reatu. — Superius edd., excepta 2, pro *motus autem* substituunt *actus autem sive motus*, et subinde *per baptismum* omittitur a pluribus codd.

en: Augustine, *On Marriage and Concupiscence*, bk. I, c. 26, n. 29: "But how do they [the actual sins] remain, if they are past, unless because they have passed away in act, but remain in liability? Thus, then, it can happen conversely, that that other [the original sin] should remain in act, but pass away in liability." — Above, the editions, except 2, substitute *actus autem sive motus* for *motus autem*, and thereupon *per baptismum* is omitted by several codices.

la: Ita G K O Q S U et 2, alii codd. et edd. *omnis*. Paulo ante plures codd. omittunt *singularis* et *omnis*.

en: So G K O Q S U and 2; the other codices and the editions have *omnis*. A little before, several codices omit *singularis* and *omnis*.

la: Anselm., de Conceptu virgin. et orig. pecc. c. 18. Post *Filium* 1 cum textu originali addit *suum*, et pro *ita dare disponebat* I L M V *communicavit*. Verba Anselmi omittuntur ab E F G H K N O P S.

en: Anselm, *On the Virginal Conception and Original Sin*, c. 18. After *Filium*, edition 1, together with the original text, adds *suum*; and for *ita dare disponebat* I L M V have *communicavit*. The words of Anselm are omitted by E F G H K N O P S. ---

translators_notes:
**Page span, established positively — this capitulum is confined to ONE printed page, and it shares that page with Cap. VIII.** Cap. VII opens at the very **HEAD of p. 236's left column**, under `Cap. VII. / De originalis peccati curatione.` (`bon-brev-p3-c6` fixed its own end against this heading). It fills the whole of p. 236's left column, crosses the gutter **mid-sentence** inside the *Postremo, quia temporalis afflictio…* paragraph (`…cum caro remaneat semper` / `subiecta cuidam infectioni…`), and **closes part-way down p. 236's right column at `…de quo ipse procedebat⁶ ».`** That end is fixed **positively and only** from the next heading: `Cap. VIII. / De origine peccatorum actualium.` stands immediately below it in the **same right column**, on the band. No inference was drawn from white space anywhere. Running head: `BREVILOQUII PARS III. C. VII. VIII.` — it names **two** capitula, which is the cheap second witness that this page hosts both openings. Cap. VII claims **no** text on p. 235 and **none** on p. 237.

**Gutter.** **p. 236 re-measured x≈1331 (61 px low-ink run, page 2571×3823)** by `colcrop.py vol5 236` with no constant passed — identical to `bon-brev-p3-c6`'s measurement, and confirmed visually (both columns crop clean). **p. 237 measured x≈1209 (59 px run)**, likewise auto-measured, extracted solely to close the page-crossing runover test handed forward by c6. The running series is now 1194 · 1337 · 1211 · 1341 · 1210 · 1331 · **1209** — the 1331→1209 drop of 122 px across one leaf again shows why parity reasoning is spent and why no page may inherit a neighbour's value.

**Raw-quality verdict, per page AND per region AND per column-run.**
- **p. 236, left column, body — DEGRADED-BUT-USABLE, and worse than p. 235's Cap. VI run.** `rnodus curalionis`, `quanlum- ad reatimi poenae aelerrme`, `iuanet quantum ad actwm el niolum caiwupiscentiae`, `tollilur originalis peccati maciila`, `remanel s&juel.a`, `oportfit pugnare`, `l»rorsus exslinguilur concupisc«ntia`, `inuneui`, `Virginein`, `conceplione`, `infectio derivatur` (clean) alongside `infusin`, `distinctio est in_ hominibus` (spurious underscore), `iltam`, `inenti nostrac`, `lonet rationcm`, `indivkiuae`, `produclivi`, `inliciens`, `personurn in voluntate`, `naluram`, `euratur`, `infeclio et sequela in cariw`, `ctt-ra/if.f in mentc`, `spiriluali^`, `canmlis`, `quanivis`, `molus autem resi)icit`, `aciuni`, `lemporalis allhctio`, `respfcit`. Every line was set from the band.
- **p. 236, right column, body — DEGRADED, and about level with the left, not worse.** `subiecta ouidam infectioni`, `remanere detet semper`, `poenalilati`, `cor-ruplio`, `se-quela`, `membro-rum`, `miniiatur`, `toliitur`, `niinquam`, `iKatissiina Virgine per gratiain singularem`, `Dci Filium absque omni`, `corruplela`, `ne^iuit intelligi`, `niteret`, `Filiuin`, `ge-nilum`, `diligeliat`, `F^atris`, `suljstantialiter`, `facerc`, `elige-bat`, `operatu-rus`, `c«nciperetur`. **This reverses the p. 235 pattern**, where the right column was a step *worse* than the left — one more confirmation that the direction of drift is not predictable and the run must be graded where it is actually being set from.
- **p. 236 footer — FLATTENED in both blocks, and worse in the left.** Left: `Etld. Posb-emo, diligertler attcnde, qiiod modus cwa-limis ciilpae origimlis est iste, scilicel`; `Vide IH. Scnl. d. 3. p. I. ]ici' lo(ani. De iiraccoilenlilnis cfr. II. Senl. d. 32. a. 1`; `Inferiiis |iro proditcUvi B prodncli`; `Aiigusl., I. dc Nupliis cl conciipisc.`, `sl praclei-ita sunt`, `practericrunt actu`, `(icri c conlrario`, `cxcepla 2`, `substltuunt`. Right: `aulcm sive niotus, cl sublndc`, `omlttitur a plu,-rlbus codd.`, `lla G K 0 Q S U ct 2`, `alil codd. el cdd. omnis`, `omlttunt`, `Ansclm., dc Conccptu virgln. el orig. pecc. c. 18`, `orlglnaii addlt suum`, `poncltat`, `Vcrba Anselmi omittuntur`, `E F C II K N 0 P S` (the raw drops H twice over — see below).

**Apparatus (6 entries), ownership from anchors on the bands.** p. 236 carries **7** footer notes; this chunk owns **nn. 1–6**, and **p. 236 n. 7 belongs to `bon-brev-p3-c8`**. Every anchor was read on the band; none was inferred from page coverage or from which footer block holds a note. The two anchors `bon-brev-p3-c6` could not locate are both found, and both fall in Cap. VII.
- n. **1** on `originalis hic est`¹ — p. 236's **left** column, first line of the body.
- n. **2** on `per gratiam singularem`² — **left** column.
- n. **3** on `sed immediate exit a Deo`³ — **left** column. **(Not located by c6; located here.)** Its content confirms the placement independently: `Inferius pro productivi B producti` annotates `rationem productivi`, which stands five lines below the anchor in the same column.
- n. **4** on `remanet quantum ad actum`⁴ — **left** column. Its content likewise confirms it: `Superius … pro motus autem` annotates `motus autem respicit`, three lines above the anchor.
- n. **5** on `absque omni`⁵ — p. 236's **RIGHT** column. **(Not located by c6; located here.)** This is the anchor that decides the c7/c8 split of the register, and it falls inside Cap. VII, not Cap. VIII: nn. 5 and 6 are both Cap. VII's, and only n. 7 crosses to Cap. VIII.
- n. **6** on `de quo ipse procedebat`⁶ — **right** column, on the last words of the capitulum, inside the Anselm quotation.
- n. **7** on `secundum illud Iacobi primo`⁷ — **right** column, inside **Cap. VIII**. Forwarded, unrendered, to `bon-brev-p3-c8`.

**Footer-block layout.** p. 236's **left** block holds nn. **1–4** (n. 4 broken off mid-clause), and its **right** block holds n. 4's unnumbered continuation followed by nn. **5–7**. The block split therefore falls *inside* n. 4 and **does not coincide with the column division**: n. 4's anchor is in the left column but nn. 5 and 6 anchor in the right column while nn. 1–4 are all left-anchored — so here the blocks happen to track the anchors, which is a third distinct configuration and again coincidence, not rule. Only one footnote series runs on p. 236: the ordinals ascend in reading order across both columns, none falls out of column order, and every entry is reachable by an anchor in the body above it. No printer's signature line falls on p. 236 or p. 237 (p. 233 carried the last one; expect the next around p. 249).

**Runover findings — one POSITIVE (rendered and logged here), two NEGATIVE.**
- *★ Gutter-crossing within p. 236, note 4 — **POSITIVE**, rendered joined, and logged on this chunk's ledger line.* p. 236's left footer block ends **mid-clause** inside n. 4, at `— Superius edd., excepta 2, pro motus autem substituunt actus`, and the note continues **UNNUMBERED** at the head of the **right** block with `autem sive motus, et subinde per baptismum omittitur a pluribus codd.` The break falls at a word boundary, not mid-word, and splits the italic variant phrase *actus autem sive motus* across the gutter. `bon-brev-p3-c6` saw the event and deliberately did not log it (it renders no part of n. 4); n. 4 anchors in Cap. VII, so it is rendered joined here and carried on this chunk's ledger line. Both halves read at 450 dpi, join re-checked at 900 dpi.
- *Page-crossing, p. 235 → p. 236.* Closed **NEGATIVE** by `bon-brev-p3-c6`; re-confirmed here from the receiving side — p. 236's left block opens with a numbered `¹`, no unnumbered fragment above it.
- *Page-crossing, p. 236 → p. 237 (the open test c6 handed forward, and this chunk's to close).* p. 236's last entry, n. 7, closes complete (`…Unusquisque vero tentatur etc.`), **and p. 237 was extracted and banded for the purpose: its left footer block opens with a numbered entry `¹`** (`Vide II. Sent. lit. Magistri, d. XXIV. c. 4. seqq., et Comment. p. II. per totam.`) — no unnumbered fragment stands at its head. **NEGATIVE; closed from both sides.**
- *This chunk's own last entry.* n. 6 is not the page's last entry — n. 7 follows it, numbered and complete — so the test closes internally on the page.

**Digits and sigla settled off the bands** (450 dpi bands throughout; both footer blocks re-read at 900 dpi, `pdftoppm -r 900` on PDF p. 312, because four of these six entries are largely numeric citation).
- **The serif `1` that prints like `4` accounts for every suspicious digit here.** n. 2 `II. Sent. d. 32. a. 1` (the band glyph reads `a. 4.`); n. 6 `c. 18.` (band `c. 48.`). Both are the flagged crossbar-less upright, not the closed-triangle `4` — compared directly at 900 dpi against the genuine numerals in n. 4's `c. 26. n. 29`, which read straight. `d. 3.`, `d. 32.`, `c. 26.`, `n. 29` carry no serif-1.
- **★★ ONE NOTE, TWO CHARACTERS THE TYPEFACE ALL BUT MERGES — and here it is `1` vs `I`, not `II` vs `H`.** n. 6 prints `Post *Filium* ⟨glyph⟩ cum textu originali addit *suum*` and, four words later, `pro *ita dare disponebat* ⟨glyph⟩ L M V *communicavit*`. **The two glyphs are different sorts.** The first is the flagged serif form — identical to `a. 1` in n. 2 and to the `1` of `c. 18` in this very note; the second is the roman capital `I`, with full top and bottom serifs. **The raw flattens both to `I`.** The first is therefore the **edition siglum `1`**, not codex I. Three independent confirmations: (a) `1` is a standing edition siglum in this volume's apparatus — `edd. 1, 3` (raw L38745, L46928), `Vat., 1 et 2` (L40358), `Multi codd., 1 et 2` (L54108), `[A, 1 et 2 anima]` (L54719); (b) **p. 237 n. 3, one leaf later, prints `Inferius post *sed* Vat., 1 et 3 addunt *tantum*` in exactly the same flagged glyph**, read on the p. 237 band while closing the runover test; (c) sense — an *edition* agreeing *cum textu originali* (with Anselm's own text) against Bonaventure's abbreviation is precisely the kind of thing Quaracchi records. Rendered `1`, glossed "edition 1" in the English. **This is a new member of the standing hazard family: it is not enough to check a siglum string against the raw — where a note carries both a numeral and a roman capital, the two must be told apart on the plate.**
- **★ THE `II`→`H` FLATTENING — SEVENTH ATTESTATION, and it lands twice in one string.** n. 6's closing siglum list prints, at 900 dpi, as `E F G ⟨two bare uprights⟩ K N O P S`; the raw gives `EFGIIKNOPS`. Read **`E F G H K N O P S`** on the settled ground (`p3-c4`, p. 233 n. 5; `p3-c5`, p. 235 n. 1): there is no codex `II`, and H is a standing Breviloquium siglum (p. 210 n. 2's `A B D E F H K M`). No crossbar is visible and none will appear at higher dpi — this is a fact about the typeface, not about the scan.
- **n. 5's siglum string `G K O Q S U et 2` is clean on the plate** — every letter distinct, `O` and `Q` unambiguous, `U` not `V`. The raw's `G K 0 Q S U ct 2` differs only in the zero-for-O and `ct`.
- **`August., I. de Nuptiis et concupisc.`** — the `I.` here is the roman book number (De nuptiis et concupiscentia bk. I), set as a serifed roman `I`, not the flagged numeral; c. 26, n. 29 is indeed the *manet actu / manet reatu* passage of Book I, which is the sense the note requires.
- **No `[?]` flags.**

**Preserved as printed, not harmonised.**
- **`quod remanet *poena* temporalis` — `poena` alone is italic, `temporalis` is roman**, checked at 900 dpi across the line break (`poena tem-` / `poralis`): the italic stops inside the hyphenated word. Every parallel member of the same four-fold thesis is italicised whole (*reatum poenae aeternae*, *actum et motum concupiscentiae*, *macula*, *sequela*), so this is an inconsistency in the setting, not a distinction of sense. It stands as printed. **A polish pass must not extend the italic over *temporalis*.**
- **The *curatio* / *transfusio* / *traductio* divergence of the preceding chapters does not recur here** — Cap. VII's heading (*De originalis peccati curatione*) and its own opening sentence (*modus curationis originalis*) agree, and n. 1 glosses it *modus curationis culpae originalis*. Recorded because `p3-c5` and `p3-c6` both had to leave the opposite state standing.
- **n. 4 keeps Quaracchi's square-bracket editorial insertions** (`[peccata actualia]`, `[originale]`) in the Latin, and the English keeps them as brackets rather than absorbing them into the quotation.

**Marginalia** (Quaracchi editorial side-glosses, trimmed from the body per corpus convention; logged here in body order). p. 236 L — "Thesis 1." · "Thesis 2." · "Thesis 3." · "Thesis 4." · "Exceptio." · "Ratio." · "Pro thesi 4." · "Pro thesi 3." · "Pro thesi 2." · "Pro thesi 1." p. 236 R — "De exceptione."

**Hand-offs.**
- *Picked up from `bon-brev-p3-c6`:* **nothing** — c6 forwarded no note, and p. 236's register was untouched. c6's four passing observations about p. 236 were all treated as hints and re-verified from the band: the block split (nn. 1–4 left / nn. 5–7 right) is **confirmed, with the refinement that n. 4 straddles the two blocks**; the anchors it had located for nn. 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 are **all confirmed**; the two anchors it could not locate, **nn. 3 and 5, are both located here and both fall in Cap. VII**; and the positive gutter runover on n. 4 is **rendered and logged here**, as instructed. The p. 236 → p. 237 page-crossing test it handed forward is **closed, negative**.
- *Forwarded to `bon-brev-p3-c8` (Cap. VIII, *De origine peccatorum actualium*):* **p. 236 footer note 7 — one entry**, anchored on `secundum illud Iacobi primo`⁷ in p. 236's **right** column, some fifteen lines below the `Cap. VIII.` heading. Its content, for orientation only — read it at 450 dpi: `Vers. 14. seq.: Unusquisque vero tentatur etc.` (James 1:14 seq.; the `14` is a serif-1 candidate and was **not** settled here). With that, p. 236's register is fully consumed by c7 + c8.
- *Recorded for `bon-brev-p3-c8`, from bands read here but not owned here:* **Cap. VIII opens part-way down p. 236's RIGHT column** and is **not** complete on p. 236 — it runs to the foot of that column (`…et licet peccatum`) and continues at the head of **p. 237's left column** (`non sit plene consummatum, est tamen inter mortalia computandum…`), a **mid-sentence** break at a word boundary. **p. 237's bands already exist** (`raw/vision/vol5/p-237.png`, gutter **1209**, 59 px run) and **p. 237's left footer block holds at least nn. 1–3**, opening numbered — n. 1 `Vide II. Sent. lit. Magistri, d. XXIV. c. 4. seqq., et Comment. p. II. per totam. — Post *muliere manducante* H I addunt *et viro non prohibente*…`, n. 2 `Cfr. II. Sent. d. 41. a. 2. q. 2. Aristot., de Praedicam. c. de Oppositis et II. Topic. c. 3. (c. 7.)…`, n. 3 `A B supplent *ab anima*, T *animae*…` ending `Inferius post *sed* Vat., 1 et 3 addunt *tantum*.` **p. 237's footer register was band-read in full while closing the runover test: it holds 9 notes, nn. 1–3 in the LEFT block and nn. 4–9 in the RIGHT**, and that total is now recorded in `tools/check-vol5-apparatus.py`'s `KNOWN_TOTALS`. No anchor in Cap. VII reaches any of them; **c8 must still establish every anchor itself** — the count is handed forward, the ownership is not. Two further things read there and handed on: **p. 237's gutter-crossing test is NEGATIVE** (its left block's last entry, n. 3, closes complete at `…Vat., 1 et 3 addunt *tantum*.`, and its right block opens with a numbered `⁴`), and **`Cap. IX. / De origine et distinctione capitalium peccatorum.` opens part-way down p. 237's RIGHT column** — so p. 237, like p. 236, hosts two capitula and its 9-note register will split between c8 and c9. Note also that p. 237 n. 1's `H I addunt` and n. 7's `D H T` put the `H`/`I` pair back to back one page later.


site: bonaventure

collection: Breviloquium

title: Pars 3, Cap. 8

title_alt:
De origine peccatorum actualium
On the origin of actual sins

author: St. Bonaventure

languages: en la

title: Opera Omnia (Quaracchi critical edition)

publisher: Collegii S. Bonaventurae

source_text:
<!-- page 236 -->

### Capitulum VIII. *De origine peccatorum actualium.*

Postquam dictum est de traductione peccati originalis, dicenda sunt aliqua de *origine peccati actualis*. — De *ortu* igitur *peccati actualis* haec tenenda sunt in summa, quod actuale peccatum originem trahit a libera voluntate uniuscuiusque per *suggestionem, delectationem, consensum* et *operationem*, secundum illud Iacobi primo[^p236-7]: *Unusquisque tentatur, a concupiscentia sua abstractus et illectus; deinde concupiscentia, cum conceperit, parit peccatum; peccatum vero, cum consummatum fuerit, generat mortem.* — Si autem *suggestio* et *delectatio* sistat citra consensum, est peccatum *veniale*. — Si vero consequatur consensus et opus in his quae divina lege prohibita sunt, peccatum est *mortale consummatum*. — Quod si medio modo fit, ut consensus sit sine opere, aut quia *vult* in opus procedere, sed non potest; tunc voluntas reputatur pro facto, nec minus culpabilis est, quam si in ipso facto deprehenderetur; aut quia *non vult* in opus procedere, sed vult interius voluptari in delectatione, et tunc manducat *mulier*, sed non *vir*; et licet peccatum non sit plene consummatum, est tamen inter mortalia computandum, quia, *muliere* manducante, totus homo damnari meretur; quod maxime intelligi habet in peccatis carnalibus[^p237-1].

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Ratio autem ad intelligentiam praedictorum haec est. Cum *peccatum* dicat recessum voluntatis a primo principio, in quantum voluntas nata est agi *ab ipso, secundum ipsum* et *propter ipsum*; omne peccatum est inordinatio mentis sive voluntatis, circa quam nata sunt esse virtus et vitium[^p237-2]. Peccatum igitur actuale est actualis inordinatio voluntatis. Inordinatio autem ista aut est tanta, quod ordinem iustitiae *exterminat*; et hoc modo dicitur *mortale* peccatum, quia natum est auferre vitam[^p237-3], separando ipsam a Deo, per quem vivificatur anima iusta; aut tam modica est, quod ordinem illum *non perimit*, sed in aliquo perturbat; et tunc dicitur *veniale* peccatum; quia de ipso cito adipisci possumus veniam, pro eo quod per ipsum gratia non tollitur, nec incurritur inimicitia divina. Est autem ordo iustitiae, ut bonum incommutabile praeferatur bono commutabili, ut bonum honestum praeferatur utili, et voluntas Dei praeferatur voluntati propriae, ut iudicium rectae rationis praesit sensualitati. Et quoniam lex Dei istum ordinem praecipit et vetat oppositum; quando *bonum commutabile* praefertur aeterno, et *bonum utile* praefertur honesto, et *voluntas nostra* praefertur divinae voluntati, et *sensualis appetitus* praefertur rationi rectae: tunc committitur peccatum mortale; de quo dicit Ambrosius[^p237-4], quod est « praevaricatio legis divinae et caelestium inobedientia mandatorum ». Hoc autem committitur, sive omittatur quod lex divina praecipit, sive fiat id quod prohibet; ex quo oritur duplex genus peccati, *delictum* scilicet et *commissum*[^p237-5].

Quando vero bonum commutabile plus debito diligitur, sed non praefertur incommutabili; et utilitas non praefertur honestati; et voluntas nostra plus debito amatur, ita tamen quod non praefertur divinae; et caro concupiscit, nec tamen praefertur iudicio rationis rectae: tunc non est mortale, sed *veniale*, quia, licet hoc sit *praeter* legem, non tamen directe est *contra* legem[^p237-6]. Sensualis autem appetitus non praefertur rationi rectae, nisi quando ratio ei consentit; et ideo peccatum *mortale* non committitur citra consensum.

Si tamen sensualitas inordinate moveatur, cum illa inordinatio ad malum inclinet, licet ratio non consentiat; peccatum est aliquod, quia aliquo modo laedit ordinem iustitiae. — Et quia in statu innocentiae non movebatur sensualitas nisi secundum rationis motum; ideo, stante homine, non poterat ibi esse veniale peccatum. — Nunc autem quia rationi repugnat sensualitas, velimus nolimus; ideo necesse habemus committere aliquod veniale peccatum per primos motus; qui, etsi particulariter et singillatim possint declinari, omnes tamen nullo modo possunt caveri; quia sic sunt *peccata*, quod sunt etiam *poenae peccati*: et ideo merito dicuntur *venialia*, quia hoc ipso digna sunt venia[^p237-7].

Verum quia ratio his consentire non compellitur, si post sensum delectationis consentiatur in *opus*; tunc est plenus consensus, ac per hoc peccatum *consummatum*, quia venit usque ad *virum*, id est usque ad supremam partem rationis, ex qua pendet plenitudo consensus.

Quia vero non solum in *opus*, verum etiam in *delectationem* est consensus, in quo inferior portio sequitur sensualitatem: ideo, si in delectatione sensuali ratio sensualitati succumbat, *mulier* serpenti obedit[^p237-8], ac per hoc fit subversio recti ordinis, et ita subversio iustitiae; propter quod committitur peccatum mortale, licet minus grave; quod non solum imputatur *mulieri*, sed etiam *viro*, a quo mulier debuit compesci et cohiberi, ne obtemperaret serpenti. — Et sic patet, quod in perpetratione omnis peccati actualis fit aliqualis imitatio primi peccati, secundum explanationem Doctoris praecipui, scilicet Augustini, duodecimo de Trinitate[^p237-9].

---

english:
### Chapter VIII. *On the origin of actual sins.*

After what has been said about the transmission of original sin, some things must be said about the *origin of actual sin*. — Concerning the *rise*, therefore, of *actual sin*, these things are to be held in summary: that actual sin draws its origin from the free will of each one, through *suggestion, delight, consent* and *operation*, according to that word of James, chapter one[^p236-7]: *Each one is tempted, drawn away and enticed by his own concupiscence; then concupiscence, when it has conceived, brings forth sin; but sin, when it has been consummated, begets death.* — But if *suggestion* and *delight* stop short of consent, the sin is *venial*. — If, however, consent and the deed follow in those things which are forbidden by the divine law, the sin is *mortal and consummated*. — But if it comes about in a middle way, so that the consent is without the deed — either because he *wills* to proceed to the deed but cannot, and then the will is reckoned for the fact, and he is no less culpable than if he were caught in the very act; or because he *does not will* to proceed to the deed, but wills inwardly to take pleasure in the delight, and then the *woman* eats but not the *man* — then, although the sin be not fully consummated, it is nevertheless to be counted among mortal sins, because, when the *woman* eats, the whole man deserves to be damned; which is to be understood chiefly in carnal sins[^p237-1].

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Now the reason for the understanding of the foresaid is this. Since *sin* means a withdrawal of the will from the first principle, inasmuch as the will is born to be moved *by it, according to it* and *for the sake of it*; every sin is a disorder of mind or of will, about which virtue and vice are apt to be[^p237-2]. Actual sin, therefore, is an actual disorder of the will. But that disorder is either so great that it *exterminates* the order of justice — and in this way it is called *mortal* sin, because it is apt to take away life[^p237-3], by separating it from God, through whom the just soul is quickened; or it is so slight that it *does not destroy* that order, but disturbs it in something — and then it is called *venial* sin, because from it we can quickly obtain pardon, for the reason that through it grace is not taken away, nor is enmity with God incurred. Now the order of justice is that the unchangeable good be preferred to the changeable good, that the honorable good be preferred to the useful, and that the will of God be preferred to one's own will, and that the judgment of right reason preside over sensuality. And since the law of God commands this order and forbids its opposite: when the *changeable good* is preferred to the eternal, and the *useful good* is preferred to the honorable, and *our own will* is preferred to the divine will, and the *sensual appetite* is preferred to right reason — then mortal sin is committed; of which Ambrose says[^p237-4] that it is « the transgression of the divine law and disobedience to the heavenly commandments ». And this is committed either when what the divine law commands is omitted, or when what it forbids is done; from which arises a twofold kind of sin, namely *offence of omission* and *offence of commission*[^p237-5].

But when the changeable good is loved more than it ought to be, yet is not preferred to the unchangeable; and usefulness is not preferred to honorableness; and our own will is loved more than it ought to be, yet in such a way that it is not preferred to the divine; and the flesh lusts, yet is not preferred to the judgment of right reason: then it is not mortal, but *venial*, because, although this be *beside* the law, it is nevertheless not directly *against* the law[^p237-6]. But the sensual appetite is not preferred to right reason except when reason consents to it; and therefore *mortal* sin is not committed short of consent.

If, however, sensuality be moved inordinately, since that disorder inclines toward evil, even though reason does not consent, there is some sin, because in some manner it wounds the order of justice. — And because in the state of innocence sensuality was not moved except according to the motion of reason, therefore, while man stood, there could be no venial sin in him. — But now, because sensuality resists reason whether we will or not, therefore we must needs commit some venial sin through the first motions; which, although singly and one by one they can be avoided, yet all of them can in no way be guarded against; because they are *sins* in such a way that they are also *punishments of sin*: and therefore they are rightly called *venial*, because by that very fact they are worthy of pardon[^p237-7].

But because reason is not compelled to consent to these, if after the feeling of delight consent be given to the *deed*, then there is full consent, and thereby *consummated* sin, because it has come all the way to the *man* — that is, to the supreme part of reason, on which the fullness of consent depends.

But because consent is given not only to the *deed* but also to the *delight*, in which the lower portion follows sensuality: therefore, if in sensual delight reason succumbs to sensuality, the *woman* obeys the serpent[^p237-8], and thereby there comes about a subversion of right order, and so a subversion of justice; on account of which mortal sin is committed, though less grave — which is imputed not only to the *woman*, but also to the *man*, by whom the woman ought to have been checked and restrained, lest she obey the serpent. — And thus it is clear that in the perpetration of every actual sin there comes about some imitation of the first sin, according to the explanation of the pre-eminent Doctor, namely Augustine, in the twelfth book of *On the Trinity*[^p237-9].

---

la: Vers. 14. seq.: Unusquisque vero tentatur etc.

en: Verse 14 seq.: *Unusquisque vero tentatur* ["But each one is tempted"] etc.

la: Vide II. Sent. lit. Magistri, d. XXIV. c. 4. seqq., et Comment. p. II. per totam. — Post *muliere manducante* H I addunt *et viro non prohibente*, quae lectio concordat verbis Magistri, loc. cit. c. 12: Si vero diu in delectatione cogitationis teneatur, etsi voluntas perficiendi desit, *mortale* est, et pro eo damnabitur simul vir et mulier, id est totus homo, quia et tunc vir non, sicut debuit, mulierem cohibuit, unde potest dici consensisse.

en: See II *Sent.*, the letter of the Master, d. XXIV, c. 4 seqq., and the Commentary, p. II, throughout. — After *muliere manducante*, H I add *et viro non prohibente* ["and the man not forbidding it"], which reading agrees with the words of the Master, loc. cit., c. 12: "But if he be held long in the delight of the thought, even though the will to carry it through be lacking, it is *mortal*, and for it man and woman together — that is, the whole man — will be damned, because then too the man did not, as he ought, restrain the woman, whence he can be said to have consented."

la: Cfr. II. Sent. d. 41. a. 2. q. 2. Aristot., de Praedicam. c. de Oppositis et II. Topic. c. 3. (c. 7.) docet, quod circa idem nata sunt fieri contraria, sive quod idem est contrariorum susceptivum. — Pro *esse* E *fieri*.

en: Cf. II *Sent.*, d. 41, a. 2, q. 2. Aristotle, *Categories*, the chapter on Opposites, and *Topics* II, c. 3 (c. 7), teaches that contraries are apt to come about concerning the same thing, or that the same thing is receptive of contraries. — For *esse* E has *fieri*.

la: A B supplent *ab anima*, T *animae*, F vero mox pro *ipsam* substituit *animam*. Post *a Deo* A prosequitur: *et a gratia, per quam vivificatur* etc. (cfr. tom. II. pag. 633, nota 5.). Inferius post *sed* Vat., 1 et 3 addunt *tantum*.

en: A B supply *ab anima*, T *animae*; F, moreover, shortly after substitutes *animam* for *ipsam*. After *a Deo*, A continues: *et a gratia, per quam vivificatur* ["and from the grace by which it is quickened"] etc. (cf. tom. II, p. 633, note 5). Below, after *sed*, the Vatican edition and editions 1 and 3 add *tantum*.

la: Libr. de Paradiso, c. 8. n. 39. Pro *mandatorum* textus originalis *praeceptorum*, Vat. *praeceptorum vel mandatorum*. — Superius post *sensualitati* edd. cum multis codd., refragantibus antiquioribus, addunt *humanae*.

en: The book *On Paradise*, c. 8, n. 39. For *mandatorum* the original text has *praeceptorum*, the Vatican edition *praeceptorum vel mandatorum*. — Above, after *sensualitati*, the editions, together with many codices, the more ancient ones opposing, add *humanae*.

la: Cfr. tom. II. pag. 976, nota 8, in qua afferuntur verba August. ex Alex. Hal., S. p. II. q. 112. m. 2, qui etiam dicit, quod haec divisio per oppositionem correspondeat verbo Ps. 36, 27: Declina a malo et fac bonum.

en: Cf. tom. II, p. 976, note 8, in which the words of Augustine are adduced from Alexander of Hales, *Summa*, p. II, q. 112, m. 2, who also says that this division corresponds by opposition to the word of Ps. 36:27: "Turn away from evil and do good."

la: Vide II. Sent. d. 42. a. 2. q. 1.

la: Cfr. II. Sent. d. 21. dub. 4. et d. 41. a. 2. q. 1. — Superius pro *declinari* S *vitari*, D H T *vitari vel declinari*.

en: Cf. II *Sent.*, d. 21, dub. 4, and d. 41, a. 2, q. 1. — Above, for *declinari* S has *vitari*, D H T *vitari vel declinari*.

la: Edd., excepta 2, *obtemperat*. Superius post *non solum* plures codd. addunt *consensus*, et pro *in delectatione sensuali* non pauci codd. et 2 *in delectationem sensualem*.

en: The editions, except 2, have *obtemperat*. Above, after *non solum*, several codices add *consensus*; and for *in delectatione sensuali* not a few codices and 2 have *in delectationem sensualem*.

en: Chapter 12, n. 17 seq. ---

translators_notes:
**Page span, established positively at both ends.** Cap. VIII opens **part-way down p. 236's RIGHT column**, under `Cap. VIII. / De origine peccatorum actualium.`, immediately below Cap. VII's closing `…de quo ipse procedebat⁶ ».` (`bon-brev-p3-c7` fixed its own end against this heading). It runs to the **foot of p. 236's right column** (`…et licet peccatum`), resumes at the **head of p. 237's LEFT column** (`non sit plene consummatum, est tamen inter mortalia computandum…`), fills that column, crosses the gutter **mid-sentence** (`…Sensualis autem appetitus` / `non praefertur rationi rectae…`), and **closes part-way down p. 237's RIGHT column at `…duodecimo de Trinitate⁹.`** That end is fixed **positively and only** from the next heading: `Cap. IX. / De origine et distinctione capitalium peccatorum.` stands immediately below it in the **same right column**, on the band. No inference was drawn from white space anywhere. Cap. VIII claims **no** text on p. 235 and **none** on p. 238 (p. 238's left column opens inside Cap. IX's *quatuor de fomentis* exposition).

**★ THE RUNNING HEAD IS AN ASYMMETRIC WITNESS — it can name FEWER capitula than the page hosts.** p. 236's head reads `BREVILOQUII PARS III. C. VII. VIII.` and names **both** of that page's chapter openings; `bon-brev-p3-c6` and `-c7` both used it as a cheap second witness. **p. 237's head reads `BREVILOQUII PARS III. C. IX.` — naming only ONE capitulum, and not the one that occupies nine tenths of the page.** Cap. VIII holds all of p. 237's left column and the upper two thirds of its right column, yet the head names only Cap. IX. **So the running head can confirm that a capitulum reaches a page; it cannot show that one does not.** Read it in one direction only. The `Cap. IX.` heading on the band, not the head, is what closed this span.

**Page break, mid-paragraph — and the marker had to move DOWN, not up.** The p. 236/237 division falls **inside the opening paragraph**, after `…et licet peccatum` (last line of p. 236's right column) and before `non sit plene consummatum` (first line of p. 237's left column) — a clean word boundary, not mid-word. `bon-brev-p3-c3` and `-c5` place such a marker at the nearest paragraph boundary **above**; here that boundary **is the chunk's own opening on p. 236**, where `<!-- page 236 -->` already stands, so the rule would collapse the two markers. The `<!-- page 237 -->` marker is therefore placed at the nearest paragraph boundary **below** (before `Ratio autem ad intelligentiam praedictorum…`), and the true break is recorded here. **This is the first Breviloquium chunk whose page break falls in its FIRST paragraph; expect the rule to need this branch again whenever a capitulum opens low on a page.**

**Gutter.** **p. 236 = 1331** and **p. 237 = 1209** (both already auto-measured by `bon-brev-p3-c7`, both re-used here and confirmed visually on the bands read for this chunk). **p. 238 was extracted and auto-measured at x≈1338 (62 px low-ink run, page 2571×3823)** by `colcrop.py vol5 238` with no constant passed, solely to close the p. 237 → p. 238 page-crossing runover test. The running series is now 1194 · 1337 · 1211 · 1341 · 1210 · 1331 · 1209 · **1338**. The 1209→1338 jump across one leaf repeats the 1331→1209 drop in the other direction; **parity reasoning stays spent and no page may inherit a neighbour's value.**

**Raw-quality verdict, per page AND per region AND per column-run.**
- **p. 236, right column, Cap. VIII run (below the heading) — DEGRADED-BUT-USABLE, and materially CLEANER than the same column's Cap. VII run above it.** The chapter heading itself is garbled (`C.\p. VIII.` / `[k orifjine peccalorum actuulium`), but from `Postquam dictum est` down the base is largely straight: `Iraductione`, `actua-liji`, `orlu igitur pcccati actualis`, `sug-geslioncm`, `(lelectationem`, `conse.nsum`, `opcralio-ncm`, `lacobi primo`, `Unusquisquc tcntalur`, `abslraclus`, `corwepcrit`, `'nwrlcm`, `mggestio`, `pec^^atum veniak`, `conseqiiatur`, `prohibiUi`, `esi mortak con-suinmatum`, `voiiinlas`, `miiius`, `inlerius voluptari in (Jelectalione`. **The grade moved UPWARD across the `Cap. VIII.` heading — the exact mirror of p. 234, where it moved DOWNWARD across the `Cap. V.` heading.** Grade the run you are actually setting from.
- **p. 237, left column, body — DEGRADED, and the worst run in this chunk.** `iioii sit plone corisummatuin`, `inlcr moita-lia`, `mulicre inai«iucante`, `damnari ineretur`, `inlellijj;i lialxil`, `Uatio autem ad iiitelli(![entiain pniedictormii`, `reoessum`, `iirimo priiieipio`, `volunlas nata est ai;i ah ipm`, `oiiiir'` (for *omne* — and the trailing apostrophe is a **phantom anchor**: there is no numeral there on the band), `inentis sivc voluiilatis`, `circa nuam iiala suiit esse virtus et vitium`, `I'eccaluin i;,'itur`, `exlermi-nal`, `morlale peccatnm`, `vitam^`, `ipsain`, `viviiicatur anima iiist^a`, `pcrimil, seJ in aliipio [lerturbat`, `mmi/e peccalum`, `veniain`, `f)er ipsum`, `lollitur`, `iiiiiuicitia`, `Im-nuin incomniutaljile`, `lx)no commutabili`, `bonuin lionestum`, `volunlas`, `sensualitali`, `istiiiu ordinem`, `lioiiHin eommutabile`, `praeferlur`, `divinac voluntali`, `sensutdis appetilus`, `i^iortale`, `.\mbrosius`, `praevaricalio ley;is divinae`, `inandatorum`, `llw autem commitlitur`, `dcliclum`, `eoiniiiissum`, `diligitiu'`, `praeferlur incomniutabili`, `lamen`, `aulem appetilus`.
- **p. 237, right column, body — DEGRADED-BUT-USABLE, a step BETTER than the left.** `|)ra(;li;i'tiir rationi rectac`, `(piaiido`, `con.sentil`, `[leccatuin .morUde noii committitur`, `coiisensiiin`, `iimrdinate movealnir`, `inalum inclinel`, `seiiti:it`, `esl ali<|uod`, `qriia aiiquo inodo laedit`, `iustiliae`, `stalii innoccntiae`, `fion movebatur sensualiUis`, `secundiiin rationis ino-tuni`, `iileo, stante liomine`, `polerat ihi (;.s.<e veniale pecc:ituin`, `qiiia rationi njpugnat`, `velimiis`, `aliqiiod`, `iier ijrimos ino-tus`, `ctsi`, `singiUalini`, `oinnes tamen nulb modo po.ssuiit caveri`, `sl'c sunl peccala`, `vemaiia`, `iioc ipso digna sunt venia`, `compelli-tur`, `delectalionis`, `consumnuUuin`, `viruin`, `plenitiulo`, `vcruin etiain`, `delecUUionem`, `sensualilati succumbat`, `obedil`, `fit subversio recti ordinis`, `debiiit compesci`, `ducdecimo de Trinitale`. **Two columns of the same page, two grades, and the direction is again the reverse of p. 236's** (where the columns were level) and of p. 235's (where the right was worse).
- **p. 237 footer — FLATTENED in both blocks, and about level between them.** Left: `Viilc II. Sent. lit. Magistri, cl. XXIV. c. i. soqq., ct Coni-nicnt.`, `?woiid«cajjfe 11 1 addunt`, `coHCordat \erbis`, `delcttatione`, `raortoii; csl,et pro co daninabi-tur`, `siinul`, `muliercm`, `tmde pottist dici`, `Clr. II. Scnt. d. 41. a. 2. q. 2.`, `de Opposilis et 11. Topic, c. 3.`, `docct`, `nala sunt licri conlraria`, `conU-ariorum su-sceptivuin`, `Pro esse E pet-i` (for `E *fieri*`), `AU supplent ab auima` (for `A B supplent`), `prosequitiir`, `qmm vid/icalur`, `posl sed Vat., I et 3 aildunt lantum`. Right: `Libr. de Parailiso`, `Pro mmdalonm textns originalis praeveplorum`, `nmndatormn`, `cdd. cuin multis codd., rcfragau-tibus aiuiquioribus`, `laimanae` (for `*humanae*`), `Cfr. tom. 11. pag. 976, nota 8`, `AuguEt.`, `q. J 12. m. 2`, `dicil`, `opposilioncm`, `\erbo Ps..36, 27`, `fa;C bonum`, `Vide 11. Sent. d. 42. a. 2. q. I.`, `Cfr. 11. Seiit. d. 21. dub. 4. el d. 41. a. 2. q. 1.`, `pro decUnari 8 vilari, D II T xitari vcl declinari`, `Edd., excepta 2, obtemperat`, `post non sobim`, `delectalionem sensualem`, `Cap. 12. n. 17. seq.`

**Apparatus (10 entries), ownership from anchors on the bands.** This chunk owns **p. 236 n. 7** (picked up from `bon-brev-p3-c7`) and **all nine of p. 237's notes**. Every anchor was read on the band; none was inferred from page coverage, from raw anchor glyphs, or from which footer block holds a note.
- p. 236 n. **7** on `secundum illud Iacobi primo`⁷ — p. 236's **right** column, some fifteen lines below the `Cap. VIII.` heading. Confirms `bon-brev-p3-c7`'s forwarded location exactly.
- p. 237 n. **1** on `in peccatis carnalibus`¹ — **left** column, on the last words of the opening paragraph.
- p. 237 n. **2** on `nata sunt esse virtus et vitium`² — **left** column.
- p. 237 n. **3** on `natum est auferre vitam`³ — **left** column.
- p. 237 n. **4** on `dicit Ambrosius`⁴ — **left** column.
- p. 237 n. **5** on `delictum scilicet et commissum`⁵ — **left** column.
- p. 237 n. **6** on `non tamen directe est contra legem`⁶ — **left** column, in its last full line.
- p. 237 n. **7** on `quia hoc ipso digna sunt venia`⁷ — **RIGHT** column.
- p. 237 n. **8** on `mulier serpenti obedit`⁸ — **right** column.
- p. 237 n. **9** on `duodecimo de Trinitate`⁹ — **right** column, on the last words of the capitulum.

**★ FOOTER-BLOCK LAYOUT — p. 237 is a textbook UNDERRUN, and the biggest one in Pars III so far.** p. 237's **left** block holds nn. **1–3** and its **right** block holds nn. **4–9**, but **six** of the nine notes (nn. 1–6) anchor in the **left** column. The block division therefore sits three notes short of the column division: nn. 4, 5 and 6 anchor left and print right. This is the p. 234 configuration (underrun), after p. 236's split-inside-a-note, pp. 220/221/226/233's overrun, and pp. 231/232/235's coincidence — a **fourth** page-shape in Pars III alone. **The footer block's extent tells you nothing about which column a note's anchor is in.** Only one footnote series runs on p. 237: the ordinals ascend in reading order across both columns, none falls out of column order, and every entry is reachable by an anchor in the body above it. No printer's signature line falls on p. 236, p. 237 or p. 238.

**Runover findings — all THREE NEGATIVE; this chunk logs no positive runover.**
- *Page-crossing, p. 236 → p. 237.* Already closed **NEGATIVE** from both sides by `bon-brev-p3-c7` (p. 236's n. 7 closes complete at `…Unusquisque vero tentatur etc.`; p. 237's left block opens with a numbered `¹`). Re-confirmed here from the receiving side. **Not re-logged — it is on c7's ledger line.**
- *Gutter-crossing within p. 237.* **NEGATIVE.** p. 237's left block ends complete at n. 3's `…Inferius post *sed* Vat., 1 et 3 addunt *tantum*.` — a full stop, and the whole clause of a finished note — and the right block opens with a numbered `⁴` (`Libr. de Paradiso, c. 8. n. 39.`), no unnumbered fragment at its head. Both ends read at 450 dpi and re-checked at 900 dpi. `bon-brev-p3-c7` reached the same verdict in passing while closing the page-crossing test; it is re-established here from the bands, not adopted, and it is logged on **this** chunk's ledger line, since c8 owns both notes.
- *Page-crossing, p. 237 → p. 238 — **the open test handed forward by `bon-brev-p3-c7`, and this chunk's to close.*** p. 237's last entry, n. 9, closes complete (`Cap. 12. n. 17. seq.`), **and p. 238 was extracted and banded for the purpose: its left footer block opens with a numbered entry `¹`** (`De his tribus agitur hic et 2 seqq. capp.`) — no unnumbered fragment stands at its head. **NEGATIVE; closed from both sides.**

**Digits and sigla settled off the bands** (450 dpi bands throughout; both of p. 237's footer blocks re-read at 900 dpi, `pdftoppm -r 900` on PDF p. 313, because seven of these ten entries are largely numeric citation).
- **p. 236 n. 7's `Vers. 14. seq.` is settled — it is `14`, not `44`.** `bon-brev-p3-c7` flagged the first glyph as a serif-1 candidate and deliberately left it open. At 900 dpi it is the flagged crossbar-less upright, the same sort as `c. 18` in that page's n. 6; and the sense closes it independently — the quoted `Unusquisque vero tentatur a concupiscentia sua abstractus et illectus` **is** James 1:14, and `seq.` covers vv. 15 (`concupiscentia … parit peccatum`) and 15b (`generat mortem`), which the body quotes in full. Read **`Vers. 14. seq.`**
- **★ THE `II`→`H` FLATTENING — EIGHTH AND NINTH ATTESTATIONS, and the eighth sits directly beside a genuine `I`, exactly as `bon-brev-p3-c7` predicted.** n. 1 prints `Post *muliere manducante* ⟨two bare uprights⟩ ⟨single upright⟩ addunt`; the raw gives `11 1`. At 900 dpi the first glyph is the crossbar-less two-upright sort and the second is a single roman `I`. Read **`H I addunt`**: H and I are both standing Breviloquium codex sigla (p. 210 n. 2's `A B D E F H K M`; p. 236 n. 6's `I L M V`), and there is no codex `II`. n. 7 prints `⟨D⟩ ⟨two bare uprights⟩ ⟨T⟩` where the raw gives `D II T` — read **`D H T`**, on the same ground. **Both calls had to be made in one string in n. 1, and the two sorts are distinguishable at 900 dpi only by width, never by a crossbar.** This remains a fact about the typeface, not about the scan.
- **The `1` vs `I` split of p. 236 n. 6 recurs one leaf later and confirms itself.** n. 3's `Inferius post *sed* Vat., 1 et 3 addunt *tantum*` prints the flagged serif form, identical to the `1` of `Filium 1` in p. 236 n. 6 and distinct from the fully serifed roman `I` of `H I` in n. 1 on the very same page. Read **`Vat., 1 et 3`** — the Vatican edition together with editions 1 and 3, the standing edition sigla of this volume. **The two sorts stand nine lines apart in one footer block, and the raw flattens both to `I`.**
- **Serif-1 corrections in the numeric citations.** n. 2 `d. 41.` (band glyph reads `4I.`); n. 5 `q. 112. m. 2` (band `J 12.` / `412.`); n. 6 `d. 42. a. 2. q. 1.` (band `q. I.`); n. 7 `d. 21. dub. 4. et d. 41. a. 2. q. 1.` (band `21.` clean, `41.` and `q. 1.` both flagged); n. 9 `Cap. 12. n. 17. seq.` (band `17.` flagged); n. 1 `d. XXIV. c. 4. seqq.` and `loc. cit. c. 12` (the `c. 4.` reads `c. i.` in the raw but is a genuine `4` on the plate — closed-triangle, not the flagged upright, compared directly against `d. 41.` two entries below). Each was checked against a second occurrence of the same sort on the page.
- **Siglum strings that the raw got wrong and the band settles.** n. 3's `A B supplent` (raw `AU supplent`) — at 900 dpi the second letter has a closed upper bowl and a closed lower bowl on one stem, an unambiguous **B**, the same call `bon-brev-p3-c5` refused to make blind on p. 235 n. 3. n. 7's `pro *declinari* S *vitari*` (raw `8 vilari`) — a clean **S**, no digit. n. 2's `Pro *esse* E *fieri*` (raw `E pet-i`). n. 4's `addunt *humanae*` (raw `laimanae`).
- **`Ps. 36, 27: Declina a malo et fac bonum`** — Vulgate numbering, verified: Ps. 36:27 reads *Declina a malo et fac bonum*. The `36` and `27` read straight; neither carries a serif-1.
- **`Alex. Hal., S. p. II. q. 112. m. 2`** — the `S.` is Quaracchi's standing abbreviation for Alexander's *Summa*, and `p. II.` is the roman two (two fully serifed uprights of equal weight), not the flattened H; compare `II. Sent.` in nn. 2, 6 and 7, and `II. Topic.` in n. 2.
- **No `[?]` flags.**

**Preserved as printed, not harmonised.**
- **`Ratio autem ad intelligentiam praedictorum haec est.` closes with a FULL STOP here, not a colon.** Every prior *Ratio* paragraph in Pars III opens `…haec est: quia,` (Capp. V, VI, VII all do). p. 237 prints a period, and the sentence that follows begins a fresh `Cum peccatum dicat…` period. Checked at 900 dpi; the mark is a round point on the baseline with no upper dot. It stands as printed, and the English mirrors it. **A polish pass must not restore the colon.**
- **The heading says *peccatorum actualium* (plural) while the opening sentence says *origine peccati actualis* (singular).** Both stand as printed; the same heading/body divergence family as Capp. V–VII's *transfusio*/*traductio*, and it is again not harmonised.
- **n. 1's long Lombard quotation is unpunctuated by any opening mark** — Quaracchi runs it on after `loc. cit. c. 12:` in roman with only *mortale* italicised, and closes it with a bare period, no `»`. Rendered exactly so in the Latin; the English supplies quotation marks, which the Latin does not have.
- **`delictum` and `commissum` are rendered "offence of omission" and "offence of commission"** rather than left bare, because the sentence itself defines them (`sive omittatur quod lex divina praecipit, sive fiat id quod prohibet`); the Latin pair stands italic and unglossed in the Latin body.

**Marginalia** (Quaracchi editorial side-glosses, trimmed from the body per corpus convention; logged here in body order). p. 236 R — "Thesis 1." · "Gradus quatuor." · "Thesis 2." · "Thesis 3." · "Thesis 4. cum distinctione." p. 237 L — "Ratio." · "Pro thesi 1." · "Quid peccatum actuale." · "Mortale." · "Veniale." · "De mortali." · "Duplex genus peccati." · "De veniali." p. 237 R — "Pro thesi 2." · "Corollarium 1." · "Corollarium 2." · "Pro thesi 3." · "Pro thesi 4." · "Notandum."

**Hand-offs.**
- *Picked up from `bon-brev-p3-c7`:* **p. 236 footer note 7 — one entry**, rendered here; its forwarded anchor (`secundum illud Iacobi primo`⁷, p. 236 right column) is **confirmed on the band**, and its open `14`/`44` digit is **settled as `14`**. With it, p. 236's seven-note register is fully consumed by c7 + c8. c7's four further hand-offs were all treated as hints and re-verified: p. 237's **9**-note count is **confirmed** by a fresh band read; its block split **nn. 1–3 left / nn. 4–9 right** is **confirmed**, with the finding that it is a three-note **underrun** of the column division; its **negative gutter test is re-established from the bands**, not adopted, and is logged here; and the **open p. 237 → p. 238 page-crossing test is closed, NEGATIVE.** c7 correctly located **no** anchor on p. 237 and handed the count without the ownership — all nine anchors are established here, and all nine fall in Cap. VIII.
- *Forwarded to `bon-brev-p3-c9` (Cap. IX, *De origine et distinctione capitalium peccatorum*):* **NOTHING — no footer note crosses to c9.** p. 237's whole register is consumed by this chunk, and p. 236's by c7 + c8. This is the third Breviloquium chunk to forward nothing (cf. `p2-c10`, `p3-c6`). **Do not read "nothing forwarded" as "nothing to check" — read p. 238's footer off the bands from n. 1.**
- *Recorded for `bon-brev-p3-c9`, from bands read here but not owned here:* **Cap. IX opens part-way down p. 237's RIGHT column** (two lines only: `Consequenter descendendum est ad ortum peccatorum in speciali; inter quae quaedam sunt capi-`) and continues at the head of **p. 238's left column** (`talia, quaedam poenalia, quaedam finalia sive irremissibilia…`) — a **mid-word** break (`capi-` / `talia`), the first in Pars III. **p. 238's bands already exist** (`raw/vision/vol5/p-238.png`, gutter **1338**, 62 px run, auto-measured here). **p. 238's left footer block opens numbered `¹` and holds at least nn. 1–4** — n. 1 `De his tribus agitur hic et 2 seqq. capp.`; n. 2 `Eccli. 10, 15. — Seq. locus est I. Ioan. 2, 16. — De timore male humiliante et amore etc. vide tom. II. pag. 146, nota 7; de capitalibus peccatis II. Sent. d. 42. dub. 3. et 4.`; n. 3 `Ita A C K M P S W, alii codd. et edd. *recessus*…` (it carries **`Vat., 1, 3`** and **`A I Q S et 2`** — the `1` vs `I` split appears TWICE in one note, once as an edition siglum and once as a codex siglum); n. 4 `August., XIV. de Civ. Dei, c. 7. n. 2: Amor ergo… fu-` (**broken off mid-word at the block foot — a gutter-crossing runover on p. 238 is LIKELY POSITIVE; c9 must read p. 238's right block's first line from its start and render the note joined**). **p. 238's footer total was NOT band-read here and is NOT in `KNOWN_TOTALS` — c9 must read the register in full and feed it.** p. 238's running head is `BREVILOQUII PARS III. C. IX.`, but per this chunk's finding **that head is not evidence about how many capitula the page hosts**.

method: LLM-assisted translation from the Quaracchi Latin, verified chunk-by-chunk against the printed plates (apparatus roster, cross-references, page/gutter boundaries).

license_source: Public Domain Mark 1.0

license_translation: CC BY-NC 4.0

license_apparatus: CC BY-NC 4.0


title: Pars 3, Cap. 9

source_text:
<!-- page 237 -->

### Capitulum IX. *De origine et distinctione capitalium peccatorum.*

Consequenter descendendum est ad ortum peccatorum *in speciali*; inter quae quaedam sunt *capitalia*, quaedam *poenalia*, quaedam *finalia* sive irremissibilia, quasi prima, media et postrema[^p238-1].

<!-- page 238 -->

Circa ortum *capitalium* peccatorum hoc in summa tenendum est, quod peccatorum actualium unum est *initium*, duplex *radix*, triplex *fomentum*, septiforme *caput* sive capitale peccatum.

Unum est *initium*, scilicet superbia, iuxta quod scriptum est[^p238-2]: *Initium omnis peccati est superbia*; duplex *radix*, scilicet *timor* male humilians et *amor* male accendens; triplex *fomentum*, secundum tria, quae sunt in mundo, scilicet *concupiscentia carnis, concupiscentia oculorum et superbia vitae*; septiforme autem *caput*, scilicet superbia, invidia, ira, accidia, avaritia, gula et luxuria. Inter quae quinque praecedentia sunt peccata spiritualia, duo vero ultima carnalia.

Ratio autem ad intelligentiam praedictorum haec est: quia, cum peccatum mortale sit actualis recessus a primo principio; recedere[^p238-3] autem a primo principio non potest esse nisi per contemptum ipsius vel in se ipso, vel in suo praecepto; contemptus autem primi principii est superbia: necesse est igitur, quod omnis mortalis culpa seu offensa *initium* sumat a superbia.

Quia vero nullus contemnit principium summum, vel eius praeceptum per se, nisi per hoc, quod aliquid aliud ab ipso vel *vult* acquirere, vel *timet* perdere: hinc est, quod necesse est, omne peccatum actuale originem trahere a duplici *radice*, scilicet *timore* et *amore*; quae radices sunt malorum, licet non aeque primae.

Nam omnis timor ortum habet ab amore; nullus enim timet aliquid perdere, nisi quia amat illud habere[^p238-4]; et ideo timor habet foveri per ea, per quae fovetur et amor. Amor autem inordinatus est respectu commutabilis boni; et quoniam illud est triplex: interius, scilicet *excellentia*; exterius, *pecunia*; inferius, carnis *lascivia*: hinc est, quod necesse est, tria esse radicalia *fomenta* actualium peccatorum, quae superius praetacta sunt, ad quae dum anima inordinate fertur, omnia peccata actualia oriuntur.

Et quia hoc fit secundum septiformem modum, ideo septem sunt *capitalia* peccata; ex quibus generatur universitas vitiorum. Voluntas enim nostra aut deordinatur, quia *appetit* quod non est appetendum, aut quia *refugit* quod non est refugiendum. Si quia *appetit* quod non est appetendum, utpote bonum *ut nunc* seu commutabile seu apparens bonum; aut est *interius*, et sic est *privata excellentia*, quam amat superbia; aut est *exterius*, et sic est *sufficientia*, quam amat avaritia; aut *inferius*[^p238-5], et sic aut delectabile, quia est ad conservationem *individui*, et sic est alimentum, quod est delectabile secundum *gustum* et appetitur a *gula*; aut quia est ad conservationem *speciei*, et sic est coitus, qui est delectabilis secundum *tactum* et appetitur a *luxuria*. — Si autem voluntas deordinatur, quia *refugit* quod non est refugiendum; hoc potest esse tripliciter, secundum triplicem modum refugiendi. Aut enim refugit secundum perversum instinctum *rationalis*, et sic est *invidia*; aut secundum instinctum *irascibilis*, et sic est *ira*; aut secundum instinctum *concupiscibilis*, et sic est *accidia*. Unde quia quatuor sunt principalia *appetibilia* et tres *vires*, secundum quarum instinctum est fuga[^p238-6]; ideo tantum septem sunt peccata capitalia.

Rursus, quia sensus rei appetibilis est cum delectactione, sensus autem rei fugiendae est cum dolore; hinc est, quod quatuor habent coniunctam laetitiam, tria vero alia habent adiunctam tristitiam et poenam; omnia tamen dicuntur capitalia, quia deordinationes sunt principales et multarum aliarum deordinationum principia suo modo influentia. Unde licet quaedam ex his principaliter *fugam* respiciant, habent tamen et ipsa delectabilia sua. Nam *invidia* vult privatum bonum possidere sine *socio*, et ita integraliter; *ira* sine *contrario*, et ita imperturbabiliter; *accidia* sine *labore aliquo*, et ita infatigabiliter. Et quia hoc non de facili obtinent[^p238-7], ideo magnum exercitum secum trahunt vitiorum ad huiusmodi quae appetunt consequenda, vel ad ea quae respuunt declinanda, respectu quorum dicuntur peccata capitalia, quasi capita, ex quibus alia manant quam plurima.

---

english:
### Chapter IX. *On the origin and distinction of the capital sins.*

Next we must come down to the origin of sins *in particular*; among which some are *capital*, some *penal*, some *final* or irremissible, as it were first, middle and last[^p238-1].

<!-- page 238 -->

Concerning the origin of the *capital* sins this is to be held in summary: that of actual sins there is one *beginning*, a twofold *root*, a threefold *fuel*, and a sevenfold *head* or capital sin.

There is one *beginning*, namely pride, according to what is written[^p238-2]: *The beginning of every sin is pride*; a twofold *root*, namely *fear* that humbles badly and *love* that inflames badly; a threefold *fuel*, according to the three things that are in the world, namely *the concupiscence of the flesh, the concupiscence of the eyes, and the pride of life*; and a sevenfold *head*, namely pride, envy, anger, sloth, avarice, gluttony and lust. Among which the five preceding are spiritual sins, but the two last carnal.

Now the reason for the understanding of the foresaid is this: since mortal sin is an actual withdrawal from the first principle; and to withdraw[^p238-3] from the first principle cannot be except through contempt of it, either in itself or in its precept; and contempt of the first principle is pride: it is necessary, therefore, that every mortal fault or offence take its *beginning* from pride.

But because no one despises the supreme principle, or its precept, of itself, except through this, that he either *wills* to acquire, or *fears* to lose, something else besides it: hence it is that it is necessary that every actual sin draw its origin from a twofold *root*, namely from *fear* and *love*; which roots are the roots of evils, although not equally first.

For all fear takes its rise from love; for no one fears to lose anything except because he loves to have it[^p238-4]; and therefore fear has to be fostered by those things by which love too is fostered. But inordinate love is with respect to the changeable good; and since that is threefold — inward, namely *excellence*; outward, *money*; lower, the flesh's *wantonness* — hence it is that there must needs be three radical *fuels* of actual sins, which were touched on above, and when the soul is borne toward them inordinately, all actual sins arise.

And because this comes about in a sevenfold manner, therefore there are seven *capital* sins, from which the whole array of vices is generated. For our will is put out of order either because it *desires* what is not to be desired, or because it *shuns* what is not to be shunned. If because it *desires* what is not to be desired — as, for instance, a good as-of-now, or a changeable or apparent good — this is either *inward*, and so it is *private excellence*, which pride loves; or it is *outward*, and so it is *sufficiency*, which avarice loves; or it is *lower*[^p238-5], and so either it is delightful because it is for the preservation of the *individual*, and so it is food, which is delightful according to *taste* and is desired by *gluttony*; or because it is for the preservation of the *species*, and so it is intercourse, which is delightful according to *touch* and is desired by *lust*. — But if the will is put out of order because it *shuns* what is not to be shunned, this can be in three ways, according to the threefold manner of shunning. For it shuns either according to the perverse instinct of the *rational* power, and so it is *envy*; or according to the instinct of the *irascible*, and so it is *anger*; or according to the instinct of the *concupiscible*, and so it is *sloth*. Hence, because there are four principal *objects of desire* and three *powers*, according to whose instinct flight is[^p238-6], therefore there are only seven capital sins.

Again, because the sensing of a desirable thing is with delight, but the sensing of a thing to be fled is with pain, hence it is that four have joy joined to them, but the three others have sadness and penalty attached; yet all are called capital, because they are principal disorderings and, in their own way, the influencing principles of many other disorderings. Hence, although some of these principally regard *flight*, they too have nevertheless their own delightful objects. For *envy* wills to possess a private good without a *sharer*, and so entirely; *anger*, without an *adversary*, and so undisturbedly; *sloth*, without any *labor*, and so untiringly. And because they do not easily obtain this[^p238-7], therefore they draw with them a great army of vices for the attaining of the things of this sort which they desire, or for the avoiding of those which they reject; with respect to which they are called capital sins, as it were heads, from which very many others flow.

---

la: De his tribus agitur hic et 2 seqq. capp.

en: These three are treated here and in the 2 following chapters.

la: Eccli. 10, 15. — Seq. locus est I. Ioan. 2, 16. — De timore male humiliante et amore etc. vide tom. II. pag. 146, nota 7; de capitalibus peccatis II. Sent. d. 42. dub. 3. et 4.

en: Ecclus. 10:15. — The following passage is I John 2:16. — On fear that humbles badly and on love, etc., see tom. II, p. 146, note 7; on the capital sins, II *Sent.*, d. 42, dub. 3 and 4.

la: Ita A C K M P S W, alii codd. et edd. *recessus*. Mox pro *potest* et subinde pro *est superbia* nonnulli codd., ut I L, *possit* et *sit superbia* (Vat., 1, 3 et aliqui codd. *cum sit superbia*). Inferius pro *principium summum* L M O *primum principium*, A I Q S et 2 *primum principium* [A Q 2 addunt *vel*] *summum*, aliae edd. *primum et summum principium*.

en: Thus A C K M P S W; the other codices and the editions have *recessus*. Shortly after, for *potest*, and then for *est superbia*, some codices, such as I L, have *possit* and *sit superbia* (the Vatican edition, editions 1 and 3, and some codices, *cum sit superbia*). Below, for *principium summum*, L M O have *primum principium*; A I Q S and edition 2, *primum principium* [A Q and 2 add *vel*] *summum*; the other editions, *primum et summum principium*.

la: August., XIV. de Civ. Dei, c. 7. n. 2: Amor ergo... fugiens quod ei adversatur, timor est. Libr. de Beata Vita, n. 11. ipse ait: Ergo quod amat quisque, si amittere potest, potestne non timere? Non potest. Cfr. tom. III. pag. 766, nota 5.

en: Augustine, *On the City of God* XIV, c. 7, n. 2: "Love, therefore… fleeing what is opposed to it, is fear." In the book *On the Happy Life*, n. 11, he himself says: "Therefore, what each one loves, if he can lose it, can he not fear? He cannot." Cf. tom. III, p. 766, note 5.

la: H addit *quod est carnis lascivia* (cfr. paulo superius).

en: H adds *quod est carnis lascivia* ["which is the flesh's wantonness"] (cf. a little above).

la: L M O V *est omnis fuga*. Superius plures codd. omittunt *perversum*. Inferius ex S et 2 ante *appetibilis* supplevimus *rei*.

en: L M O V have *est omnis fuga*. Above, several codices omit *perversum*. Below, from S and edition 2 we have supplied *rei* before *appetibilis*.

la: Ita S (scil. *privatum bonum possidere*), alii codd. et edd. *haec non de facili obtinentur*. Mox pro *exercitum* Vat. cum pluribus codd. perperam *exercitium*. Subinde pro *exsequenda* substituimus cum H T *consequenda*, 2 *assequenda*.

en: Thus S (namely, *privatum bonum possidere*); the other codices and the editions have *haec non de facili obtinentur*. Shortly after, for *exercitum*, the Vatican edition together with several codices wrongly has *exercitium*. Then, for *exsequenda*, we have substituted, with H T, *consequenda*; edition 2 has *assequenda*. ---

translators_notes:
**Page span, established positively at both ends.** Cap. IX opens with a **two-line opener at the very foot of p. 237's RIGHT column**, under `Cap. IX. / De origine et distinctione capitalium peccatorum.` — `Consequenter descendendum est ad ortum peccatorum in speciali; inter quae quaedam sunt capi-` — and continues at the head of **p. 238's LEFT column** with `talia, quaedam poenalia…`. It fills the whole of p. 238's left column, crosses the gutter, fills roughly three quarters of p. 238's right column, and **closes at `…ex quibus alia manant quam plurima.`** That end is fixed **positively and only** from the next heading: `Cap. X. / De origine et qualitate peccatorum poenalium.` stands immediately below it **in the same right column**, on the band, with Cap. X's first paragraph (`De peccatis autem poenalibus…`) running on beneath it to the foot of the column. No inference was drawn from white space anywhere. Cap. IX claims **no** text on p. 236 and **none** on p. 239.

**★ THE PAGE BREAK IS MID-WORD — the first in Pars III.** The p. 237/238 division falls **inside the word `capitalia`** (`capi-` at the foot of p. 237's right column, `talia` at the head of p. 238's left column), inside this chunk's **opening sentence**. As in `bon-brev-p3-c8`, the nearest paragraph boundary **above** is the chunk's own opening on p. 237, where `<!-- page 237 -->` already stands; the `<!-- page 238 -->` marker is therefore placed at the nearest paragraph boundary **below** (before `Circa ortum capitalium peccatorum…`), and the true break is recorded here. **Second consecutive chunk to need the "marker moves DOWN" branch of the rule — for a capitulum that opens low on a page this is now the normal case, not the exception.**

**★ THE RUNNING HEAD IS AN ASYMMETRIC WITNESS — third demonstration, and this one is the mirror of p. 237's.** p. 237's head reads `BREVILOQUII PARS III. C. IX.` although Cap. VIII fills nine tenths of that page; **p. 238's head reads `BREVILOQUII PARS III. C. X.` although Cap. IX fills roughly nine tenths of *this* page and Cap. X occupies only the last quarter of one column.** Two consecutive leaves, and on both of them the head names the capitulum that *barely* reaches the page rather than the one that dominates it. **The head can confirm that a capitulum reaches a page; it can never show that one does not, and it is no guide at all to which capitulum owns the page's bulk.** The `Cap. X.` heading on the band, not the head, is what closed this span.

**Gutter.** **p. 237 = 1209** and **p. 238 = 1338** (both already auto-measured by earlier chunks, both re-used and confirmed visually on the bands read here). **p. 239 was extracted and auto-measured at x≈1200 (63 px low-ink run, page 2571×3823)** by `colcrop.py vol5 239` with no constant passed, solely to close the p. 238 → p. 239 page-crossing runover test. The running series is now 1194 · 1337 · 1211 · 1341 · 1210 · 1331 · 1209 · 1338 · **1200**. p. 239's value sits at the **bottom** of the odd-page cluster (1194–1211), nine px below p. 237's; **parity reasoning stays spent and no page may inherit a neighbour's value.**

**Raw-quality verdict, per page AND per region AND per column-run.**
- **p. 237, right column, Cap. IX opener (two lines, below the `Cap. IX.` heading) — CLEAN, the best short run in Pars III.** `Consequenter descendendum est ad ortum pec-catorum in speciali;` reads straight; the only defect is `Jnter` for `inter` (initial-cap confusion, the same class as `Jnitium` in p. 238's n. 2 line). The heading itself is garbled (`Cap. LX.` for `Cap. IX.`, `De originc el dislinclione capilalium peccalorum`) — **note that the raw turned `IX` into `LX`, so a chapter number read off the raw alone is worthless.**
- **p. 238, left column, body — DEGRADED-BUT-USABLE, and a clear step better than p. 237's left column.** `quaetlain poenulia`, `qiiaedam finalia sive ir-remissibilia`, `Circa ortuni capitalium iieccatorum`, `uuum est initium`, `septiforme caput`, `Jnitium omnis peccati estsuperbia` (word-space lost), `triplex fomcntum`, `septi-forme autem capul`, `Iiiter quae quin-que`, `praediclorum`, `actualis reces-sus a priiiio princlpio`, `recedere`, `rontemptum ipsius`, `olTensa`, `Quiavero` (word-space lost), `cius praeceptum`, `ab ijjso`, `timet pev-(lere`, `duplici radice`, `non aeque priniae`, `nul-lus cnim timet`, `timor habel foveri`, `.\mor autem inordinatus`, `excf/fen/«a`, `pecit-nia`, `radicalia /b/nmto` (for *fomenta*), `omnia pcccata actualia`, `idco septem siint capitalia peccata`, `universitas vitioruni`, `aut dcordinatur`, `aiit qiiia refugit`.
- **p. 238, right column, body — DEGRADED-BUT-USABLE, about level with the left.** `utpotc`, `bonuin ut nunc`, `privata excellen-tia`, `su/fcientia`, `mtinferius-'` (for *aut inferius*), `^et sic aut delectabile`, `a.gula`, `lactum` (for *tactum*), `deordinalur`, `boc potest esse tripliciter`, `Aul enim refu-git`, `ct sic est ira`, `concupisci-bilis`, `secundum qua-rum instinctuin est fuga`, `septein`, `cum dc-lectactione` (the plate itself prints `delectactione` — see below), `do-lore`, `capilaha`, `iiriiicipia suo modo influentia`, `fiigam respiciant`, `sine «oczo` (for *socio*), `ila imperturbabi-liter`, `obtinent^`, `magnum exercitum seciim trahunt`, `quao appetunt consequenda`, `dechnanda`, `qnasi capita`. **Two columns of one page at the same grade — after p. 235 (right worse), p. 236 (level), p. 237 (right better). Grade the run you are actually setting from.**
- **p. 238 footer — FLATTENED in both blocks and worse in the LEFT**, which is where all four of the numeric-citation notes fall. Left: `De liis Iribiis ngiUir liic el 2 sef|(i. capp.`, `Eccli-. 10, 13.` (**the raw's `13` is wrong — see below**), `Seci. lociis est I. ban. 2, 16.`, `(imore niale humilianle`, `vide (om. II. pag. 146, noia 7`, `(le capitalibus peccalis`, `Ita ACK M P S W`, `!\Iox pro potest`, `ut I L, possit`, `(Vat., 1 , 3 et aliqui codd. cum sit superbia)`, `AIQS el 2`, `[A Q 2 addunt vel]`, `August., XIV. de Civ. Dei, c. 7. n. 2`. Right: `giens quod ei adversatur, timor est`, `Libr. de Beala Vita, n. 1 1.` (word-split numeral), `quisquo,si amittere potest` (word-space lost), `.Non potest`, `Cfr. toni. III. pag. 766 , iiota S` (for *nota 5*), `H addit quod esl carnis lascivia`, `L M 0 V fs<` (for *est*), `plurcs codd. omittunt perversum`, `supplcvinius rei`, `Ita S (scil. privatum bonuni possidere)`, `edd. Iiaec non de facili oblinentar`, `Vat. cum pluribus cocid. jjerperam exercitium`, `cum II T consequenda` (**the settled `II`→`H` flattening — see below**), `2 assequenda`.

**Apparatus (7 entries), ownership from anchors on the bands.** This chunk owns **p. 238 nn. 1–7** and nothing else. Every anchor was read on the band; none was inferred from page coverage, from raw anchor glyphs, or from which footer block holds a note.
- p. 238 n. **1** on `quasi prima, media et postrema`¹ — **left** column, second line of the page, on the last words of this chunk's opening sentence.
- p. 238 n. **2** on `iuxta quod scriptum est`² — **left** column.
- p. 238 n. **3** on `recedere`³ — **left** column.
- p. 238 n. **4** on `nisi quia amat illud habere`⁴ — **left** column.
- p. 238 n. **5** on `aut inferius`⁵ — **RIGHT** column, sixth line.
- p. 238 n. **6** on `secundum quarum instinctum est fuga`⁶ — **right** column.
- p. 238 n. **7** on `Et quia hoc non de facili obtinent`⁷ — **right** column, in Cap. IX's closing paragraph.
- **p. 238 n. 8 is NOT this chunk's.** It anchors on `quod etiam sunt poena`⁸ **peccati**, inside **Cap. X's** first paragraph, three lines below the `Cap. X.` heading in p. 238's right column. It is forwarded to `bon-brev-p3-c10`.

**★ FOOTER-BLOCK LAYOUT — p. 238 is a COINCIDENCE page whose split falls INSIDE a note, the second such shape in Pars III.** p. 238's **left** block holds nn. **1–4**, with n. 4 **broken off mid-word** at `…Amor ergo… fu-`; the **right** block opens with n. 4's **unnumbered continuation** (`giens quod ei adversatur, timor est…`) and then carries nn. **5–8**. The anchors track the blocks exactly here — nn. 1–4 anchor left, nn. 5–8 right — so it is neither an overrun (pp. 220, 221, 226, 233) nor an underrun (pp. 234, 237); it is the p. 236 configuration repeated, where "which block holds note N" is not even a well-formed question for the broken note. **That the blocks happened to track the anchors on this page is worth nothing for the next page.** Only one footnote series runs on p. 238: the ordinals ascend in reading order across both columns, none falls out of column order, and every entry is reachable by an anchor in the body above it. **No printer's signature line falls on p. 238 or p. 239** (the last was `S. Bonav. — Tom. V.` on p. 233).

**Runover findings — ONE POSITIVE, one negative.**
- *Gutter-crossing within p. 238 — **POSITIVE**, and it is this chunk's to render and to log.* p. 238's left block ends **mid-word** at n. 4's `August., XIV. de Civ. Dei, c. 7. n. 2: Amor ergo… fu-`, and the right block's first line opens **UNNUMBERED** with `giens quod ei adversatur, timor est.` — a mid-word continuation of the Augustine quotation (`fugiens`). n. 4 is rendered joined above. Both ends read at 450 dpi and re-checked at 900 dpi. `bon-brev-p3-c8` flagged this as likely-positive from the left side alone; it is confirmed here from both sides. **Ledger: `p3-c9  p.238 n.4:gutter`.**
- *Page-crossing, p. 238 → p. 239 — **NEGATIVE**, closed from both sides.* p. 238's last entry, n. 8, closes complete (`Edd., excepta 2, cum paucis codd. poenae.`), **and p. 239 was extracted and banded for the purpose: its left footer block opens with a numbered entry `¹`** (`Rom. 1, 28: Tradidit illos Deus in reprobum sensum…`) — no unnumbered fragment stands at its head. Logged here because this chunk performed both halves of the test, even though n. 8 itself belongs to `bon-brev-p3-c10`.
- *Page-crossing, p. 237 → p. 238* was closed NEGATIVE by `bon-brev-p3-c8` and is **not re-logged**.

**Digits and sigla settled off the bands** (450 dpi bands throughout; both of p. 238's footer blocks re-read at 900 dpi, `pdftoppm -r 900` on PDF p. 314).
- **★ `Eccli. 10, 15.` — the raw's `10, 13` is WRONG, and this is the exact `3`/`5` failure the standing note warns about.** The plate's second digit is ink-broken and reads either way at 900 dpi, so the glyph alone does not settle it. **Two independent checks do.** (i) The verse quoted in the body is *Initium omnis peccati est superbia*, which is **Ecclus. 10:15** in the Vulgate. (ii) **Quaracchi cite this very verse by this very number elsewhere in the corpus**: `bonaventure_vol2_raw.txt` L67896 prints `Eccli. 10, 15: Quoniam initium omnis peccati est superbia`. (A nearby Vol II note at L66611 prints `Eccli. 10, 13` for a *different* passage.) Read **`Eccli. 10, 15.`**
- **★ THE `II`→`H` FLATTENING — TENTH ATTESTATION, and p. 238 prints BOTH sorts of the same letter.** n. 7's `substituimus cum ⟨two bare uprights⟩ T consequenda` (raw `cum II T`) is the crossbar-less sort: at 900 dpi the two uprights are joined only by their head and foot serifs, with **no crossbar at any point**. Read **`cum H T`** — H and T are standing Breviloquium sigla and stand together as `D H T` in p. 237 n. 7, one leaf back; there is no codex `II`. **But n. 5 on the very same page prints `H addit quod est carnis lascivia` with a perfectly formed, crossbarred `H`.** So the two forms of the letter sit fourteen lines apart in one footer register. **This is decisive that the flattening is a matter of which sort the compositor reached for, not of scan quality or of a worn plate — and it means the crossbarred form's presence on a page is no evidence that a bare-upright pair on the same page is a genuine `II`.**
- **★ THE `1` vs `I` SPLIT APPEARS TWICE INSIDE n. 3, exactly as `bon-brev-p3-c8` predicted, and both calls are made on the plate.** (i) `(Vat., 1, 3 et aliqui codd. …)` — the glyph is the **flagged serif upright**, an angled top-flag with no full head serif, identical to `Vat., 1 et 3` in p. 237 n. 3 and to `Filium 1` in p. 236 n. 6. Read the **edition** siglum `1`: the Vatican edition together with editions 1 and 3. (ii) `A I Q S et 2 primum principium` — the glyph is a **fully serifed roman `I`**, symmetric head and foot serifs, sitting in a run of codex sigla (`L M O` before it, `[A Q 2]` after). Read the **codex** siglum `I`, which is standing (p. 236 n. 6's `I L M V`, p. 237 n. 1's `H I addunt`). (iii) The same note's earlier `nonnulli codd., ut I L, possit` is the roman form again — codices I and L. **Three sorts of upright in one note, and the raw flattens all three to `I`.**
- **Serif-1 corrections in the numeric citations.** n. 2 `tom. II. pag. 146, nota 7` (the `1` of `146` is the flagged form; `146` reads `446` on a careless pass) and `d. 42. dub. 3. et 4.` (the closing `4` is a closed-triangle 4, not a flagged upright — compared directly against the `1` of `146` two lines above). n. 4 `c. 7. n. 2` reads straight; **`Libr. de Beata Vita, n. 11.`** is two flagged uprights (the raw splits it as `n. 1 1.`), and *De Beata Vita* n. 11 is indeed where Augustine's *quod amat quisque, si amittere potest* stands. n. 4's `Cfr. tom. III. pag. 766, nota 5.` reads straight at 900 dpi (raw `iiota S`). n. 1's `2 seqq. capp.` is a clean `2`, and its sense is independently right — Capp. X and XI are precisely *De origine et qualitate peccatorum poenalium* and *De origine peccatorum finalium*, the *poenalia* and *finalia* of this chunk's opening sentence.
- **Siglum strings.** n. 3's `Ita A C K M P S W` reads clean at 900 dpi (raw `ACK M P S W` — spacing only). n. 6's `L M O V` (raw `L M 0 V`, a zero for the letter O). n. 7's `Ita S (scil. …)` is a clean **S**, not a digit.
- **No `[?]` flags.**

**Preserved as printed, not harmonised.**
- **`Ratio autem ad intelligentiam praedictorum haec est: quia,` carries a COLON here** — where p. 237 (Cap. VIII) printed a full stop, which `bon-brev-p3-c8` had to preserve against Capp. V–VII's colon. Cap. IX restores the colon, so p. 237's period is confirmed as a genuine one-off rather than a change of practice. Checked at 900 dpi.
- **The two members of the *appetit* / *refugit* division are punctuated ASYMMETRICALLY.** The second member opens `— Si autem voluntas deordinatur…` with Quaracchi's em-dash articulation; the first member, `Si quia appetit quod non est appetendum…`, has **no dash** — it simply follows the preceding period at the head of p. 238's right column. Both stand as printed and the English mirrors them. **A polish pass must not supply the missing dash.**
- **The plate prints `delectactione`, not `delectatione`**, in `quia sensus rei appetibilis est cum delectactione` (p. 238 right column, `Rursus…` paragraph). Verified at 900 dpi — there is a clear `c` before the `t`. The raw agrees (`dc-lectactione`). It is a printer's error in the 1891 edition; it stands as printed, and the English renders the intended sense. **A polish pass must not silently correct it** — record it, do not fix it.
- **The heading says *capitalium peccatorum* while the body's first sentence says *peccatorum in speciali… quaedam sunt capitalia*** — no divergence here, unlike Capp. V–VIII; recorded because the *transfusio*/*traductio* and *peccatorum actualium*/*peccati actualis* family has been live for four consecutive chapters and is now broken.
- **`fomentum` / `fomenta` are rendered "fuel" throughout** (not "fomentation" or "kindling"), and `radicalia fomenta` as "radical fuels", to keep the threefold enumeration's link to *triplex fomentum* in the thesis sentence visible in English.

**Enumerations preserved exactly.** The **fourfold** thesis (*unum initium, duplex radix, triplex fomentum, septiforme caput*) is carried through the *Ratio* as *Pro primo / Pro secundo / Pro tertio / Pro quarto* in the margin; the **threefold** *fomentum* (I John 2:16); the **sevenfold** *caput* listed in printed order — *superbia, invidia, ira, accidia, avaritia, gula et luxuria* — split **five spiritual / two carnal**; the **four** *appetibilia* (private excellence, sufficiency, food, intercourse) against the **three** *vires* (rational, irascible, concupiscible), whose sum gives the seven; and the closing **four with joy / three with sadness**. None of these was renumbered or reordered, and the English keeps the Latin's order in every list.

**Marginalia** (Quaracchi editorial side-glosses, trimmed from the body per corpus convention; logged here in body order). p. 237 R — **none**; Cap. IX's two-line opener carries no gloss. p. 238 L — "Quatuor de ortu capitalium peccatorum." · "Ratio." · "Pro primo." · "Pro secundo." · "Pro tertio." · "Pro quarto." · "Duplex ratio." p. 238 R — "De prima." · "De secunda." · "Corollarium." · "Notandum."

**Hand-offs.**
- *Picked up from `bon-brev-p3-c8`:* **NOTHING — c8 forwarded no note, and that was correct.** p. 237's whole nine-note register belongs to Cap. VIII; Cap. IX opens on p. 237 and claims not one of them. c8's four recorded orientations were all treated as hints and re-verified from the bands: the **mid-word `capi-`/`talia` break is confirmed**; p. 238's **gutter of 1338 is confirmed visually**; p. 238's **left block does open numbered `¹`**; and the **likely-positive gutter runover at n. 4's `fu-` is confirmed POSITIVE** from both sides. c8's provisional readings of nn. 1–4 were re-read at 900 dpi and **one was corrected**: n. 2's `Eccli. 10, 15`, which c8 relayed from the raw as `10, 15` but flagged as unsettled — the raw in fact prints `10, 13`, and the band alone does not decide it; it is settled here from Quaracchi's own citation of the verse in Vol II.
- *Forwarded to `bon-brev-p3-c10` (Cap. X, *De origine et qualitate peccatorum poenalium*):* **p. 238 footer note 8 — ONE entry.** Anchor verified on the band: **n. 8 on `quod etiam sunt poena`⁸ **peccati**, in p. 238's RIGHT column**, three lines below the `Cap. X.` heading. Content, for orientation only — read it at 450 dpi: `Edd., excepta 2, cum paucis codd. *poenae*.` With n. 8 rendered, p. 238's eight-note register is fully consumed by c9 + c10.
- *Recorded for `bon-brev-p3-c10`, from bands read here but not owned here:* **Cap. X opens part-way down p. 238's RIGHT column**, under `Cap. X. / De origine et qualitate peccatorum poenalium.`, and its first paragraph (`De peccatis autem poenalibus hoc tenendum est, quod licet malum culpae et malum poenae sint diversae malorum differentiae; quaedam tamen sic sunt peccata, quod etiam sunt poena⁸ peccati. Speciali`) runs to the **foot of that column**, breaking at a **word boundary** (`Speciali` / `namque modo…` at the head of p. 239's left column). **p. 239's bands already exist** (`raw/vision/vol5/p-239.png`, gutter **1200**, 63 px run, auto-measured here). **p. 239's footer register was NOT band-read here and is NOT in `KNOWN_TOTALS` — c10 must read it in full and feed it.** What was seen of the LEFT block while closing the runover test, orientation only: it opens numbered `¹` and holds at least nn. 1–4 — n. 1 `Rom. 1, 28: Tradidit illos Deus in reprobum sensum, ut faciant ea quae non conveniunt. Cfr. ibid. v. 24. et 26… — Pro *ignominiam* I P et 2 *ignorantiam*…`; n. 2 `His verbis complectitur Magister in II. Sent. d. XXXVI. c. 1. sententiam August., Enarrat. in Ps. 57, 9. n. 18…`; n. 3 `Vide tom. II. pag. 826, nota 4…`; n. 4 `Cfr. supra c. 1., et II. Sent. d. 35. per totam, ubi etiam` — **broken off at the block foot, so a gutter-crossing runover on p. 239 is LIKELY POSITIVE; c10 must read p. 239's right block's first line from its start.** **Every digit there is a serif `1`/`4`, `3`/`5` candidate — none is settled by this note.** p. 239's running head is `PARS III. C. X.`, and per this chunk's finding **the head is not evidence about how many capitula the page hosts**.