Dist. 41, Divisio Textus
by St. Bonaventure
Source text: Public Domain Mark 1.0. English translation/apparatus/encoding: CC BY-NC 4.0, Wroot Press.
https://bonaventure.wrootpress.com/browse/2/d/41/q/bon-sent-II-d41-divisio
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## COMMENTARY ON DISTINCTION XLI.

*How acts are made depraved by a defect of intention and of will.*

*And when the intention, as was said above,* etc.

### DIVISION OF THE TEXT.

Above, the Master showed how acts are to be rectified by rectitude of intention and of will. In this part he intends to determine how acts are made depraved by a defect of intention and of will. Now this part is divided into two parts. In the first of these the Master compares works to a deficient intention. In the second, however, he compares evil acts or evil works to the will, there: *After these matters it must be investigated,* etc.

The first part is divided into three parts. In the first of these the Master raises the question and determines it according to the opinion of certain persons. In the second, however, he objects against that determination, adjoining to that question a certain response, there: *But against these things it is objected.* In the third, the Master, according to the opinion of others, subjoins another to the preceding determination, there: *But others, who make a threefold distinction of acts,* where he intimates that our actions are divided according to three differences, namely into good and evil and indifferent, the latter being intermediate between the two.

Likewise the second principal part is divided into three parts. In the first the Master asks whether every exterior sin is voluntary or from the will. In the second he asks whether every sin is in the will, there: *The understanding of that point too must be inquired into,* etc. In the third, however, he concludes that this is true not only of exterior sin, that it is voluntary, but is also true of interior sin, which indeed consists in the motion of the will, there: *But if every mortal sin,* etc. — And thus the Master principally determines two questions in this part, of which the one is whether every evil action is one that does not proceed from a right intention; the second is whether every fault is voluntary.

### TREATMENT OF THE QUESTIONS.

For the understanding, therefore, of this part, a question here arises concerning two things.

First it is asked about the division of deliberative action into good and into evil and into indifferent.

Second it is asked about the comparison of sin to the will.

Concerning the first, three things are asked.

First it is asked whether deliberative action is divided according to good and evil as according to opposite differences.

Second it is asked whether it is divided according to good and evil as according to essential and intrinsic differences.

Third it is asked whether it is divided according to these differences as according to immediate differences.

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