Dist. 18, Part 2, Divisio Textus
by St. Bonaventure
Source text: Public Domain Mark 1.0. English translation/apparatus/encoding: CC BY-NC 4.0, Wroot Press.
https://bonaventure.wrootpress.com/browse/4/d/18/q/bon-sent-IV-d18-p2-divisio
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## COMMENTARY ON DISTINCTION XVIII.

### Part II.
#### *On the keys and their use in the judicial forum.*

*There is also another mode of binding and loosing, which is exercised through excommunication, etc.*

SEE THE TEXT OF THE MASTER, PAGE 467.

### DIVISION OF THE TEXT.

Above, the Master treated of the use and power of the keys in the penitential forum, which indeed is exercised through absolution and binding in that forum. Here, secondly, he treats of absolution and binding in the judicial forum, which indeed is exercised through excommunication; and this part has three parts. In the first he assigns this mode of binding, why and how it comes about. In the second he confirms it by the authority of sacred Scripture, there: *According to these modes of binding and loosing*. In the third, for the understanding of those authorities, he raises and determines a certain question, namely what is the stain or darkness of the soul from which God cleanses, there: *Here it is asked what that stain is*.

### TREATMENT OF THE QUESTIONS.

For the understanding of this part, six things are asked.

First it is asked whether anyone can or ought to be excommunicated.

Second, granted that he can, it is asked for what someone is to be excommunicated.

Third it is asked, by whom.

Fourth, whether excommunication can be repeated.

Fifth, concerning communication with the excommunicated.

Sixth, concerning absolution.

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