Dist. 47, Art. 1, Q. 3
by St. Bonaventure
Source text: Public Domain Mark 1.0. English translation/apparatus/encoding: CC BY-NC 4.0, Wroot Press.
https://bonaventure.wrootpress.com/browse/4/d/47/q/bon-sent-IV-d47-a1-q3
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### Question III. *Whether all will be judged, both the good and the evil.*

Thirdly, as regards those to be judged, it is asked whether all will be judged, both the good and the evil. And that *all men* will be, seems clear.

1. Second Corinthians five: *We shall all stand before the tribunal of Christ, that each one may receive* etc.

2. Likewise, Isaiah forty-five: *The word of justice shall go forth from my mouth; and to me every knee shall bow*: therefore if this takes place at the judgement, it is clear etc.

3. Likewise, the Saints, who are now in beatitude, will be judged on the day of judgement, and the evil, who are in hell: therefore all as well.

4. Likewise, it seems so by another *ground*: because the judgement will take place for the manifestation of the divine justice: therefore if God's justice is there most of all manifested, therefore it is so as regards all merits and all who merit. But there is no rational creature which is not worthy of good or of evil: therefore all ought to be judged.

**On the contrary:** 1. It seems that *no good person* ought to be judged, because in John three it is said: *He who believes in him is not judged*; and again in five: *He shall not come into judgement* etc.

2. Likewise, it seems at least that *the perfect good* are not judged, because it belongs to the one judging not *to be judged*, but *to judge*; and perfect men will be judges on the day of judgement: therefore etc.

3. Likewise, it seems that *no unbeliever* is judged: because John three: *He who does not believe is already judged*; but he who has been judged ought not to be judged again: therefore etc.

4. Likewise, it seems that *no little child* is judged: because little children have done nothing good or evil, nor have they merited, nor will they be burned in the fire: if therefore the judgement is according to merits and unto the punishment of fire or unto glory; it is clear etc.

### Conclusion

> *By the judgement of the comparing of merit to reward all will be judged; by the judgement of examination not all; by the judgement of condemnation only the evil.*

**I respond:** It must be said that judgement is spoken of in three ways, namely *commonly*, *properly*, and *by appropriation*. Judgement *commonly* is called the manifest comparing of merit to reward. Judgement *properly* is called the examination of merits and the pronouncement with a certain examination and definition of sentence. Judgement *by appropriation* is called condemnation itself; whence one who has been *judged* is called condemned.

In the first way, therefore, all will be judged, because *all* will come together, and it will be clear how God repays all according to their merits; and this is what the Apostle says: *All must be made manifest.* — In the second way, according as judgement is called the judgement of *examination*, *not all* will be judged, but there will be four orders, as blessed Gregory distinguishes and the Master sets down in the text. — In the third way, according as judgement is called the judgement of *condemnation*, only the evil will be judged; and that judgement begins in the present through *blinding* in unbelievers and through *despoiling* in the demons, and will be consummated in the future. Hence the judgement will not be repeated, but consummated. — And thus all things are clear.

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