site: migne

title: Liber Josue Ben Nun

author: Anselm of Laon and his school

languages: en la

source_edition: Migne, Patrologia Latina, vol. 113, coll. 505D–520D

source_text:
## PRAEFATIO.

[0505D]

[n: (HIERON., Div. Biblioth., tom. VIII, col. 461.)] Tandem finito Pentateucho Moysi, velut grandi foenore liberati, ad Jesum filium Nave manum mittimus, etc.

[n: (ADAMANTIUS, hom. 1 in Josue.)] Donavit Deus nomen *quod est super omne nomen* Jesu Christo: hoc autem est *Jesus.* Ideo *in nomine Jesu omne genu flectitur, coelestium, terrestrium et infernorum.* Et quia hoc est nomen super omne nomen, idcirco nullis retro generationibus nominatum est. In Genesi justos multos legimus, et nullus eorum nominatus est Jesus. [0506D] In Exodo hoc primum invenio [n: (Exod. XVII)], etc., *usque ad* dum peccamus, et regnant in nobis vitia passionum, quamvis relictis idolis ab Aegypto exisse videamur, opprobrium tamen Aegypti non est ablatum a nobis. Si vero secundo fueris circumcisus, abscideris a te omne vitium, irae, superbiae, invidiae, libidinis et hujusmodi, abstergentur opprobria Aegypti, et translatus in terram promissionis, coelestem haereditatem accipies per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum.

## CAPUT PRIMUM.

VERS. 2.-- *Moses servus (ADAMANT., hom. 2 in [0507A] Josue.) Moses famulus meus mortuus est.* Adverte quomodo regnat Jesus, etc., *usque ad* spiritualis Moses est qui vivit in spiritu.

*Surge et transi,* etc. Nunc ergo exsurgens, transi Jordanem istum, etc. Vide quomodo minister fuerit Mosi Jesus Filius Dei. *Cum venit plenitudo temporis, misit Deus Filium suum factum ex muliere, factum sub lege [n: (Gal. IV)]*, quia factus sub lege Mosi, factus est minister Mosi. Et factus est Christi minister circumcisionis ad confirmandas promissiones Patrum.

VERS. 3.-- *Omnem locum,* etc. [n: (Orig., hom. 2 in Jos.)] Littera legis humi posita est, et deorsum jacet, etc., *usque ad* ut non solum efficiaris haeres Dei, sed cohaeres Christi.

VERS. 4.-- *A deserto et Libano,* etc. [n: (ORIG., ibid.)] [0507B] Eremum et Antilibanum. Non dixit *Libanum,* sed *Antilibanum,* etc., *usque ad* Ecclesia ex gentibus congregata per Jesum Christum.

[n: (AUG., quaest. 1 in Josue, tom. III.)] Ex hoc testimonio et aliis probatur Moses defunctus, ut Dei famulus et Deo placens, quamvis in eo illa vindicta completa sit, ne terram promissionis intraret. Ex quo datur intelligi Deum etiam in bonis servis suis aliqua corporaliter vel temporaliter vindicare, et tamen eos inter vasa honesta et utilia habere.

*Praecepitque Josue. [n: (AUG., quaest. 2.)]* Quaeritur quomodo hoc praecepit, postquam Dominus exhortatus est eum, etc., *usque ad* dispositio ejus Jethro suggerente divinitus mutatur.

*Rubenitis quoque. [n: (ADAMAN., hom. 3 in Josue.)]* Consideremus [0507C] quam formam teneant duae et semis tribus, etc., *usque ad* qui terram fluentem lac et mel in amaritudine malitiae detinent.

## CAPUT II.

VERS. 1.-- *Misit ergo,* etc. [n: (BEDA in Josue. )] Jericho civitas mundus est, ad quem Dominus Christus ad perscrutandos mores hominum duo Testamenta direxit. Nam in eo ut credentium fidem aut rebellium pervicaciam plenius comprobaret, ante adventum judicii sui, quasi exploratores duos, Legem et Evangelium destinavit.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 3.)] Mittuntur a Jesu exploratores in Jericho, etc., *usque ad* si in misericordia Domini sui intellexerit bonitatem.

VERS. 16.-- *Ad montana conscendite,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 3.)] Dat sapiens meretrix consilium mysticum et coeleste, etc., *usque ad* quae aliquando meretrix erat, mundata est in aqua et Spiritu sancto et in sanguine Christi.

## CAPUT III.

VERS. 3.-- *Cum videritis arcam testimonii Dei nostri, et sacerdotes, et Levitas portantes eam,* etc. [n: (AUG., quaest, 3 in Josue.)] Longe jussum est arcam praecedere, etc., *usque ad* nube subtracta, tanquam velamine ablato.

*Praecedite populum. [n: (ORIG., hom. IV.)]* Per sacerdotes deducitur populus, et iter agit ad terram repromissionis magisterio sacerdotum. *Et infra:* Ipsi [0508A] enim sunt qui edocent populum exire de Aegypto, de erroribus scilicet mundi, et transire per eremum vastam, id est, tentationum genera diversa transcurrere.

VERS. 7.-- *Hodie incipiam exaltare te,* etc. [n: (ID., ubi supra. )] Multa prodigia in eremo gesta sunt, et nusquam dicitur exaltatus Jesus. Ubi vero transitur Jordanes, dicitur ad eum: *Hodie incipiam exaltare te,* etc. Exaltatio enim Jesu in conspectu populi a baptismo sumit exordium. Qui enim baptizantur, in morte ipsius baptizantur, cujus mors in crucis exaltatione completur. Merito ergo cuique fidelium tunc primum Jesus exaltatur, cum ad mysterium baptismi pervenit. Unde: *Exaltavit illum Deus, et donavit illi nomen quod est super omne nomen,* etc.

[0508B]VERS. 9.-- *Domini Dei vestri,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 4 in Jos.)] Peccatori omnis creatura hostis est, etc., *usque ad: qui convertit petram in stagna aquarum, et rupem in fontes,* etc.

VERS. 10.-- *Chananaeus,* possidens, vel possessio, vel negotiatores, vel motabilis. *Hethaeus,* formidans sive stupens. *Hevaeus,* lapides colligens. *Pherezaeus,* separans, sive disseminans. *Gergesaeus,* colonum applica, vel colonum ejiciens, sive advena appropinquans. *Amorrhaeus,* amarus vel loquens. *Jebusaeus,* calcantes, vel praesepe eorum.

VERS. 15.-- *Messis impleverat.* LXX: *Sicut in diebus messis tritici.* Hoc incredibile videtur regionibus nostris, ibi autem (sicut perhibent qui noverunt) in [0508C] initio veris est messis tritici: tunc autem ille fluvius redundat et impletur amplius quam per hiemem.

VERS. 16.-- *Steterunt aquae descendentes,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 4.)] Non absque mysterii ratione arbitror scriptum, etc., *usque ad* et unus Spiritus quo omnes purificantur in baptismo, et unus Deus Pater omnium.

## CAPUT IV.

VERS. 7.-- *In aeternum.* [n: (AUG.)] Quomodo in aeternum, cum coelum et terra transeant? An quoniam aeternum aliquid significat, cum ipsi aeterni esse non possint? Quamvis possit quod in Graeco est Latine dici usque in saeculum.

VERS. 10.-- *Festinavitque populus et transiit,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 2.)] Qui mare Rubrum transierunt, [0508D] baptizati sunt in Moyse, etc., *usque ad* cum jam non sit qui exterreat filios Israel.

VERS. 14.-- *In die illo,* etc. Semper exaltatus est Jesus apud Patrem; sed opus est ut in conspectu nostro exaltet illum Deus, id est, ut altitudinem divinitatis ejus cognoscamus. Hoc autem fit, si Jordanem transierimus, et variis sacramentorum munimentis ad futura bella armemur.

VERS. 16.-- *Praecipe sacerdotibus.* [n: (AUG., in Josue. )] Manda sacerdotibus portantibus arcam testamenti, etc., *usque ad* quia in rei venturae testimonium datum fuit Vetus Testamentum.

*Populus autem. [n: (ADAMANT., hom. 2.)]* Non sine causa signatur quando veniunt ad Jordanem, etc., [0509A] *usque ad* ut multas perfectiones ad unum diem pendere significent

*Duodecim quoque,* scilicet mysterium agni in Aegypto praeceptum est, quia eodem die quo errores mundi fugimus, terram promissionis ingredimur. Tota enim vita praesens una dies est : hodie ergo, id est, dum vivimus, ad perfectionem festinemus, nec in crastinum differamus.

*Duodecim quoque.* [n: (ISID.)] Transeuntes filii Israel Jordanem sustulerunt de medio fluminis duodecim lapides quos pro testimonio posuerunt in loco secundae circumcisionis, ad signandum nobis, ut dum de lavacro consurgimus, apostolicae vitae exempla firmissima nobiscum portare debeamus, quorum semper testimonium ad imitamenta virtutum intueamur.

## CAPUT V.

[0509B]

VERS. 2.-- *Circumcide secundo Israel. [n: (AUG., quaest. 6. in Job.)]* Quaeritur cur dixerit, *Iterum,* etc., *usque ad* aut ab aliquibus haereticis ab Israelitarum societate segregatis?

*Fac tibi cultros lapideos,* etc. [n: (ISID. in Job. )] Dicant Judaei quomodo potest quis secundo circumcidi circumcisione carnali? etc., *usque ad* quia per unum membrum macula in omne corpus diffunditur.

VERS. 5.-- *Populus autem. [n: (ADAM., hom. 6.)]* Qui non obedientes fuerant mandatis Domini, incircumcisi dicuntur. Ex quo intelligitur illos appellari incircumcisos qui non obediunt mandatis Dei; quia vero omnem animam diligit Deus, misit Jesum Filium Dei, qui et dignos et indignos circumcideret, [0509C] non filium Nave, qui non vere et perfecte circumcidit populum, sed Jesum Filium Dei, qui vere corpus et animam purgavit ab omni inquinamento peccati.

VERS. 8.-- *Postquam autem.* Circumcisi vero filii Israel requieverunt in eodem loco, sedentes in castris, usque dum sanarentur. Non sufficit circumcidi; necesse est post circumcisionem sanari, et cicatricem in vulnere obduci. Circumcidi ergo per Jesum est vitia et consuetudines pravas, et pessima instituta deponere, et quidquid ab honestatis regula discordat abscindere. Sed hoc facientes, quadam difficultate constringimur, cum quodam dolore animi consuetudinis culpam novella institutione vitamus: hoc ergo tempore velut in dolore circumcisionis [0509D] nostrae dicimur residere, usquequo cicatrice obducta sanemur, id est nova instituta absque difficultate impleamus, et in usum vertatur quod prius insolitum et difficile videbatur; et tunc merito dicitur nobis: *Hodie abstuli opprobrium Aegypti a vobis*

*Et fecerunt.* Postquam ablatum est opprobrium Aegypti, fecerunt filii Israel pascha quarta decima die mensis. Nec enim ante circumcisionem, nec post, antequam sanarentur, poterant carnes agni comedere: vides ergo quia nemo immundus facit pascha, nemo incircumcisus. Unde: *Pascha nostrum immolatus est Christus. Itaque festum celebremus diem, non in fermento veteri, neque in fermento malitiae et nequitiae, sed in azymis sinceritatis et veritatis [n: (I Cr. XVI)]*.

[0510A] *Et fecerunt.* [n: (ISID. in Jos. )] Post Evangelii circumcisionem, statim in loco revelationis pascha celebratur, et Agnus immolatur, qui tollit peccata mundi; et deficiente manna typicae legis, primum comedit populus panem corporis Christi, quem incorrupta repromissionis terra, id est virgo Maria, protulit, cujus granum in terra cadens fructum plurimum attulit. Nota ordinem: postquam Jesu Christo duce, per lavacri fluenta transimus, et per fidem spirituali circumcisione signamur, tunc demum pascha celebramus, id est immolatum Christum credimus pro salute mundi, et credentes statim pane Dominici corporis pascimur.

VERS. 11.-- *Et comederunt,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 6.)] Quando vero exiit populus de terra Aegypti, etc., [0510B] *usque ad* Quomodo enim putatur meliore cibo cessante deteriorem successisse.

[n: (JUSTIN., Dialog. )] Deus in principio, ante omnes creaturas, ex seipso genuit potentiam quamdam rationalem, quae et Gloria Domini vocatur, interdum etiam Filius Sapientia, Angelus, Sermo, Deus, Dominus. Aliquando etiam Magistrum militiae se dicit, quando humana specie apparuit Jesu Nave filio.

*Et vidit virum. [n: (ADAM., hom. 6 in Josue.)]* Factum est cum esset Jesus in Jericho, etc., *usque ad* qui accepto regno regressus est.

VERS. 15.-- *Cecidit Josue pronus,* etc. Quaeri potest utrum angelo se prostraverit, eumque Dominum dixerit, an potius quia intellexit Deum esse, intelligens [0510C] a quo missus fuerit, ipsum Dominum dixerit, eique se prostraverit.

[n: (ORIG., hom. 6 in Josue.)] In Jericho est Jesus, etc., *usque ad* continuo libenter adhaeret nobis et assistit Deus.

## CAPUT VI.

VERS. 1.-- *Jericho autem,* etc. [n: (ISID., in Jos., cap. 7.)] Jericho *luna* interpretatur, etc., *usque ad* id est, extra Ecclesiam nemo salvatur.

VERS. 8.-- *Cumque Josue. [n: (ADAMAN., hom. 5 in Jos.)]* Jericho tubis sacerdotum subruitur, etc., *usque ad* et philosophorum dogmata.

VERS. 17.-- *Sitque civitas [n: (ADAM., hom. 7.)]* Custodite vos ab anathemate, etc., *usque ad* et populum [0510D] Dei vinci faciunt.

VERS. 20.-- *Igitur.* [n: (ID.)] Omnis populus dicitur ululasse ululatu magno, etc., *usque ad* homines saeculi nitebantur.

*Et clangentibus.* Unusquisque nostrum debet haec in semetipso complere. Habes in te Jesum ducem per fidem. Fac tibi tubas ductiles ex Scripturis sanctis, inde duc sensus, inde sermones; ideo enim tubae ductiles dicuntur. In ipsis cane, id est in psalmis, in hymnis, in canticis spiritualibus. Si in talibus cecineris tubis, et septies arcam testamenti circumtuleris, id est si legis mystica praecepta ab Evangelicis non separes tubis, sic etiam jubilationis consensum de temetipso exigas, id est si cogitationum [0511A] et sensuum tuorum populus concordem semper et consonam proferat vocem; et si non aliquando verum dicas, aliquando adulando mentiaris, si non modo blandus remissionem, modo truculentus iracundia; et si non intra te caro concupiscat adversus spiritum et spiritus adversus carnem, vocem jubilationis emitte, quia tibi victus est mundus. Hinc Paulus dicebat: *Mihi autem absit gloriari, nisi in cruce Domini nostri Jesu Christi, per quem mihi mundus crucifixus est, et ego mundo [n: (Gal. V)]*.

*Muri illico.* In adventu Jesu muri Jericho subversi sunt, in adventu Christi vincitur mundus. Unde Paulus: *Quod erat contrarium nobis, tulit de medio, affigens illud cruci, et exuens principatus et potestates traduxit libere triumphans eos in ligno crucis [n: (Col. 2)]*. [0511B] Ex his verbis intelligo quod videntes pugnam Jesu, coelestes virtutes, principatus et potestates, alligatum fortem, et vasa ejus diripi, increpuerunt coelestibus tubis, quia, alligato principe mundi, victus est mundus, et vocem jubilationis, in triumpho Christi, coelestis exercitus dedit [n: (Matth. XII)]. Vere ergo liberatus est populus gentium qui hanc jubilationem novit, et mysteria agnoscit et credit.

VERS. 23.-- *Ingressique juvenes eduxerunt* [n: (ADAM.)] *Rahab meretricem, et omnem domum patris ejus vivificavit Jesus,* etc., *usque ad* et qui erant primi facti sunt novissimi.

## CAPUT VII.

VERS. 1.-- *Iratusque est Dominus,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 7.)] Non otiose transcurrendum est, etc., *usque [0511C] ad* quam mecum ire in gehennam.

[n: (AUG., quaest. 8 in Josue.)] Quaeri solet quomodo juste pro peccatis alterius in alios vindicetur, etc., *usque ad* quod in suo judicio facit ipse, quo potestas humana non aspirat.

VERS. 21.-- *Regulamque. [n: (ADAM., hom. 7.)]* Furatus est autem linguam auream, etc., *usque ad* quod furanti exstitit causa peccati.

*Regulamque.* LXX: *Linguam,* haereticorum scilicet dogmata, vel superstitiosa saecularium litterarum studia. Haec enim est lingua aurea, luculento sermone aptata. Hanc furati sunt haeretici de Jericho, quasi auream regulam, qui philosophorum sectam conati sunt inducere in Ecclesiam: quorum anathemate [0511D] multi perduntur, et quasi acervo lapidum multitudine peccatorum exstinguuntur: quorum ductor diabolus, qui per illorum impietatem fidelium quosdam vicerat, rursus superatus vincitur, et a populo Dei suspensus, crucis virtute necatur.

[n: (ISID., in Jos.)] Jericho mundum significat: de anathemate ejus in tabernaculo suo abscondit, qui saeculares mores Ecclesiae secretis inserit; qui sub cultu Dei manens, solemnitates saeculi vel spectacula diligit; qui sortilegos aruspices et augures inquirit, vel caetera facit quae in Jericho, id est in saeculo habebantur.

*Lapidavitque eum.* [n: (AUG., quaest. in Jos. )] Quaeritur cum Dominus eum qui furtum fecerat, etc., *usque ad* peccato suo secum consumptis mori.

## CAPUT VIII.

[0512A]

VERS. 1.-- *Dixit autem Dominus,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 8.)] Primo propter peccata victi sumus, etc. *usque ad* qui sequuntur Jesum, ab onere legis.

[n: (AUG., quaest. 10 in Jos.)] Cum quis justum bellum susceperit, etc., *usque ad* non tam auctor belli quam minister judicandus est.

[n: (ID., quaest. 11.)] Quaerendum est utrum omnis fallendi voluntas pro mendacio putanda sit, et si ita est, utrum possit esse justum mendacium, quo ille fallitur qui dignus est falli. Et si non hoc quidem justum reperitur, restat ut secundum aliquam significationem hoc quod de insidiis factum est, ad veritatem referatur.

VERS. 15.-- *Et fugientes.* [n: (ADAM., ibid. )] Quid, [0512B] putas, Jesus fugiens significet? etc., *usque ad* qui fugiunt fornicationem, dolum, mendacium et hujusmodi.

VERS. 24.-- *Igitur omnibus interfectis.* [n: (ADAM., ibid. )]. Percusserunt eos in ore gladii, etc., *usque ad* pro palma victoriae et virtutis merito coronari?

VERS. 29.-- *Regem. [n: (ID., homil. 8.)]* Rex Hai in ligno gemino suspenditur, etc., *usque ad* de diabolo autem ait: *Novissimus inimicus destruetur mors,* etc. [n: (I Cor. XV.)]

[n: (ID.)] LXX: *In gemino ligno,* hoc est lignum scientiae boni et mali, etc., *usque ad* Ipse est novissimus Adam in spiritu vivificante.

VERS. 30.-- *Tunc aedificavit,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 9.)] Aedificavit Jesus altare Domino Deo Israel, etc., [0512C] *usque ad* qui ad altaris constructionem digni sunt.

VERS. 33.-- *Omnis autem. [n: (ORIG., hom. 9.)]* Et omnis Israel et presbyteri, etc., *usque ad* implendo scilicet opere quae scripta sunt in lege.

*Ut advena.* [n: (ID., ibid. )] Sed et proselytus et indigena simul, etc., *usque ad* et poenas peccatoribus constitutas, caveant incurrere eas.

*Post haec legit.* [n: (ADAM., ibid. )] Refertur, etc., *usque ad: ut sciamus quae a Deo donata sunt nobis [n: (II Cor. II)]*.

VERS. 35.-- *Nihil ex his.* [n: (ID.)] Non erat sermo ex his quae mandavit Moses, etc., *usque ad* vel qui jam sociari fidelibus student.

## CAPUT IX.

[0512D] *Congregati,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 9 in Jos.)] Ex his quae gesta sunt, etc., *usque ad* conteretur Satanas sub pedibus servorum ejus [n: (Rom. XVI)].

VERS. 3.-- *At hi qui,* etc. [n: (ID., hom. 10.)] In domo Patris mei mansiones multae sunt [n: (Joan. XIV)], etc. *usque ad* libertatem pristinam revocantis verba non audias, fias peccati servus in aeternum.

VERS. 19.-- *Juravimus. [n: (AUG., quaest. 13 in Jos.)]* Quaeritur quomodo jurationem hanc servandam crediderunt Hebraei Gabaonitis, etc., *usque ad* si quod ira perturbatus juraverat, non fecisset, quam si perfecisset.

[n: (ISID. in Jos.)] Gabaonitae significant eos qui credunt, et erga servos Dei devoti vel Ecclesiae cultum [0513A] videntur habere, nihil tamen emendationis vel devotionis vel innovationis habent in moribus, tales tantummodo quoddam signum salutis intra Ecclesiam temporaliter praeferunt. Inter spirituales autem, id est inter sanctos Dei, regnum aeternum vel libertatem non consequuntur.

## CAPUT X.

VERS. 4.-- *Ascendite ad. [n: (ORIG., hom. 11 in Josue.)]* Cum se anima verbo Dei sociat, etc., *usque ad* et discutit adventum noctis.

*Congregati igitur,* etc. [n: (AUG., quaest. 15 in Jos.)] Quaeritur quomodo rex Hierusalem, etc., *usque ad* et tamen universa terra illa originaliter terra Chanaan vocatur.

VERS. 7.-- *Ascenditque Josue,* etc. *(AUG. quaest. [0513B] 14.)* Cum obsessi Gabaonitae a regibus Amorrhaeorum misissent ad Jesum, etc., *usque ad* et hanc eorum fidem quodammodo remuneravit.

*Fugerant enim quinque reges,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom 11 in Josue.)] Quid est quod dicit, etc., *usque ad* hoc est enim Hierusalem aliquando fuisse sub rege Adonisedec, vel alias civitates sub aliis.

[n: (ADAM., ibid.)] Jesus interficit inimicos non credulitatem docens, etc., *usque ad* solus in te regnet Jesus Christus.

VERS. 19.-- *Vos autem nolite stare. [n: (ADAM., hom. 12.)]* Bella Jesu et regum atque hostium strages, etc., *usque ad: quia Dominus Deus tradidit vobis omnes inimicos in manus.*

[n: (ADAM., hom. 13.)] Omnia haec in figura contingebant [0513C] illis. Scripta sunt autem propter nos, etc., *usque ad* in haereditatem terrae sanctae in parte Israelitica exstinctis hostibus nostris [n: (Ephes. II)].

## CAPUT XI.

VERS. 1.-- *Quae cum audisset Jabin,* etc. [n: (ADAMANT., hom. 24 in Jos.)] Has scripturas ante adventum Christi cum legeret Israel secundum carnem etc., *usque ad* ut expugnent nos, qui sequimur Jesum Salvatorem nostrum, sed Dominus ait: *Ne verearis a facie eorum,* etc.

VERS. 11.-- *Cras enim eadem hora. [n: (ADAMAN., hom. 14 in Jos.)]* Video quod hodie omnes illos non possumus opprimere, nec cunctos interficere: in crastino perimentur, id est post consummationem [0513D] mundi, cum dicetur eis: *Ite in ignem aeternum quem praeparavit Deus diabolo et angelis ejus [n: (Matth. XXV)]*. Tunc enim si vicerimus sequentes Jesum ducem, percipiemus regnum quod praeparavit Deus sanctis suis per Jesum Christum.

[n: (ID., hom. 15.)] Nisi haec bella figuram spiritualium gererent, etc., *usque ad* fecit ergo Jesus sicut praeceperat ei Dominus.

[n: (ORIG.)] Hoc ergo secundum mandatum Dei Jesus implevit, etc., *usque ad* quae est Christus, et ipso jubente jugulandae, ut nihil in nobis resideat quod respiret.

VERS. 12.-- *Et omnes,* etc. [n: (ADAM.)] In omnibus nobis regnavit peccatum et fuit in omnibus, etc., [0514A] *usque ad* nec imples praeceptum quod dedit Dominus Jesus.

*Sicut praeceperat ei Moses,* etc. Hic est sermo legis secundum illud: *Habent Mosen et prophetas, audiant illos [n: (Luc. XVI)]*. Lex ergo praecepit nobis omnes reges peccati interficere, qui nos provocant ad peccatum. Sic fecit Jesus, nec quidquam transgressus est. Ipse est enim qui perimit vitia in nobis et regna peccati. Ipse etiam Christus omnia quae praecepit Moses in lege fecit, unde: *Misit Deus Filium suum factum ex muliere [n: (Gal. IV)]*, etc. Omnia enim, quae lex mandavit, implevit, ut nos redimeret a maledicto legis, qui ait: *Non veni solvere legem, sed adimplere [n: (Matth. V)]*.

VERS. 15.-- *Sicut praeceperat Dominus Mosi servo [0514B] suo, ita praecepit Moses. [n: (AUG., quaest. 16 in Jos.)]* Non putanda est crudelitas, quod nullum vivum in civitatibus sibi traditis dimisit Jesus, quia Deus haec jusserat. Qui autem hic existimant ipsum Deum fuisse crudelem, et ideo Veteris Testamenti verum Deum fuisse auctorem credere nolunt, tam perverse de operibus Dei quam de peccatis hominum judicant, nescientes quo quisque dignus sit, et magnum putantes malum, cum casuri dejiciuntur et mortales moriuntur.

VERS. 19.-- *Non fuit. [n: (AUG., quaest. 17.)]* Quaeritur quomodo hoc verum sit, cum nec postea a tempore judicum nec regum omnes omnino illarum septem gentium civitates capere potuerint Hebraei? Sed aut sic intelligendum est quod ad nullam civitatem bellando [0514C] accessit Jesus quam non ceperit, aut certe nulla earum capta, sed earum quae in regionibus supra memoratis fuerunt. Enumeratae sunt enim regiones in quibus fuerunt civitates de quibus facta est ista conclusio, et omnes cepit bello.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 15.)] Et accepit Jesus omnes in bello qui exierant ad bellum, etc., *usque ad* cum opera eorum non facimus.

[n: (AUG., quaest. 18 in Jos.)] Quia per Dominum factum est confortari cor eorum, etc., *usque ad* partim pugnando caperent.

VERS. 23.-- *Quievitque. [n: (ORIG., homil. 15.)]* Non sub Jesu filio Nave, sub quo nunquam fere cessavit a bellis, sed sub Jesu Christo. Venisti enim ad Jesum, et in baptismo peccatorum remissionem consecutus [0514D] es; jam in te non pugnat caro adversus spiritum et spiritus adversus carnem [n: (Galat. V)]. Cessavit ergo terra tua a bellis, si tam mortem Jesu in corpore tuo circumferas, ut cessantibus omnibus in te praeliis, verus pacificus efficiaris, et voceris filius Dei. Sed hoc fiet cum bella transegeris, et adversarios subegeris: tunc requiesces sub vite tua, quae est Christus, et sub ficu tua, quae est Spiritus sanctus.

## CAPUT XII.

VERS. 1.-- [n: (HIER., de Loc. Hebr.)] Astaroth Carnaim, terra gigantum, quondam, in supercilio Sodomorum quos interfecit Chodorlaomor. Sunt hodieque duo castella in Batanea hoc vocabulo, [0515A] novem inter se milliaribus separata. Edrai, ubi interfectus est Og rex Basan, gigas. Nunc autem est Adara, insignis civitas Arabiae, vigesimo quarto lapide ab Osdra. Esebon civitas Sehon regis Amorrhaeorum, in terra Galaad: quae cum fuisset ante Moabitarum, ab Amorrhaeis belli jure possessa est. Salecha civitas regis Og, in regione Basanitide. Machati urbs Amorrhaeorum super Jordanem, juxta montem Ermon. Jarimuth civitas quam subvertit Jesus, in tribu Juda, quarto distans ab Eleutheropoli lapide, juxta villam Eschaol. Lachis in tribu Juda. Meminit hujus Isaias et Jeremias, et nunc est villa in septimo milliario ab Eleutheropoli. Erma fuit in sorte Simeon, sive Juda, etc.

## CAPUT XIII.

[0515B]

[n: (ADAMAN., hom. 16 in Jos.)] Presbyteri et seniores non pro longaeva vita dicuntur, etc., *usque ad* sicut in omnibus princeps est, quia caput omnium est.

VERS. 1.-- *Terraque.* [n: (ID.)] Alia littera: *Et terra relicta est multa valde.* Superius dictum est, etc., *usque ad* qui vero ex necessitate subjicietur, cum novissimus inimicus destruetur mors, non erit in gratia.

VERS. 6.-- *Universique. [n: (ADAM., hom. 16.)]* Cum plurimas gentes enumerasset Jesus, de solis Sidoniis dixit: *Et omnes Sidonios ego exterminabo a facie filiorum Israel.* Sidonii vero interpretantur venatores. Hi sunt daemones de quibus dicit Propheta: *Laqueos paraverunt pedibus meis [n: (Psal. LVI)]*. Istos [0515C] exterminat Dominus, ut non sit qui laqueos tendat et retia ad decipiendas animas: et requiescat unusquisque sub vite sua et sub ficu sua.

VERS. 7.-- *Et nunc.* Post hoc autem legitur quia Moses dedit haereditatem quibusdam, et postea Jesus secundum praeceptum Domini distribuit haereditatem. Per Mosen, legem intellige: qui secundum legem vixerunt, primi haereditatem receperunt, sed extra terram promissionis. Cumque eam accepissent, non eam possident, neque dividunt inter se; sed exspectant usquequo eis per Jesum distribuatur in sortem. Hinc Apostolus ait: *Hi omnes testimonium habentes per fidem nondum consecuti sunt promissiones, Deo pro nobis aliquid melius providente, ne sine nobis consummarentur [n: (Hebr. XI)]*. Habent igitur [0515D] jam promissionem suam et requieverunt, digni judicati per Mosen capere haereditatem suam, sed adhuc pugnant pro his qui sub Jesu militant. Omnes enim Patres qui ante nos dormierunt, pugnant nobiscum et orationibus adjuvant, unde: *Ablinget synagoga illa hanc synagogam, sicut ablingit vitulus herbam viridem de campo.* Synagoga enim Domini quae nos praecessit, ore et lingua consumet omnem contrariam synagogam, id est, orationibus consumet adversarios nostros. Orationibus ergo et verbi Dei meditatione et opere et sensu recto pugnandum est.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 17.)] Sicut umbrae exemplari deserviunt coelestium, etc., *usque ad* per Jesum accipiunt haereditatem.

[0516A] *Tribui.* Levitis autem neque Moses dedit haereditatem, neque Jesus. *Quia ipse Deus est haereditas eorum.* Hi sunt forte qui in Ecclesia, virtute animi et meritorum gratia alios praecedunt. Hi sunt forte, qui in populo salvandorum sapientiae et scientiae operam tribuunt et mentem suam puram custodiunt, et omnibus praeclaris virtutibus excolunt et simpliciores docent quomodo veniant ad salutem: horum haereditas ipse Dominus est, qui est sapientia, quam prae caeteris omnibus dilexerunt.

VERS. 15.-- *Tribui filiorum Ruben,* etc. [n: (ID.)] Invenio tamen aliquam differentiam in his quae Moyses distribuit, etc., *usque ad: Caecus caeco ducatum praebens in foveam cadet cum eo.*

VERS. 32.-- *Hanc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 18 in Jos.)]* [0516B] Discamus ex lege, etc., *usque ad: Jesus et Eleazar simul ad dividendam terram.*

## CAPUT XIV

VERS. 2.-- *Sorte omnia dividentes,* etc. [n: (ISID.)] Deletis gentibus, Josue sorte dividit populis terram promissionis: Christus quoque a facie fidelium suorum, gentes, id est gentilium errorum spiritus, ejecit, et sorte divisit terram, unicuique propria dona tribuens.

VERS. 3.-- *Duabus.* [n: (ID.)] Moses trans Jordanem duabus tantum tribubus, *usque ad* perfectio ergo et summa omnium bonorum, in Spiritu sancto est.

*Absque.* [n: (ID.)] Levitae non accipiunt haereditatem terrae, etc., *usque ad* ut possint dicere: *Dominus [0516C] pars haereditatis,* etc. [n: (Psal. XV.)]

VERS. 4.-- *Nec acceperunt.* [n: (ID.)] Habitacula Levitis, etc., *usque ad* qui dispensatione omnium vivunt.

VERS. 6.-- *Locutus. [n: (ADAM., hom. 18.)]* Caleb primum haereditatem accepit a Jesu, *usque ad* ipse enim omnia edocuit et aperuit; ipse revelavit Paulo, quia lex spiritualis esset.

*Nosti.* [n: (ID.)] Hoc est quod dixit Dominus, etc., *usque ad* quia omnia sapienter scripsit.

VERS. 11.-- *Sic valens.* Sanctus enim similiter valet, et in praesentibus, et in praeteritis; et in novis, et in veteribus; in Evangeliis et in lege. Hoc ergo est quod dicit valere se sub Jesu, sicut tunc cum Moyse, quia in utriusque Testamenti mysteriis cor [0516D] vigilans valet.

VERS. 12.-- *Da ergo.* Nihil humile, nihil dejectum sanctus requirit, sed montem excelsum, in quo sunt civitates magnae et munitae, quia civitates munitas occupat sapiens, et destruit munitiones, in quibus confidunt impii.

*In quo. [n: (ADAM., hom. XVIII.)]* Civitates et muri, sunt impiorum dogmata, etc., *usque ad* sicut effectus est Deus Abraham, Deus Isaac, et Deus Jacob, in Christo Jesu.

VERS. 15.-- *Et terra cessavit,* etc. [n: (ADAM., homil. 19 in Jos.)] Non est hoc scriptum in distributione Moysi, sed in distributione Jesu. Si ergo vis dignus effici, qui haereditatem consequaris a Jesu, oportet [0517A] te prius omnia bella finire et in pace consistere, ut de carnis tuae terra dicatur: *quia cessavit terra a bellis.*

## CAPUT XV.

VERS. 1.-- *Igitur sors filiorum Judae,* etc. Cum consuetudo sit sanctae Scripturae quatuor partes orbis, quas axes vel plagas nominant, appellare, in descriptione finium tribus Judae, duae tantum nominantur. *Et facti sunt, inquit, fines filiorum tribus Juda secundum plebes eorum a finibus Idumaeae, a deserto Sin ad occidentem.* Et cum descripsisset fines ab occidente, ait, *et ab oriente mare salsum,* septentrionem vero et meridiem reticuit. Fines ergo Judaeae proximi sunt Idumaeae finibus, quae terrena interpretatur: post terrena enim statim sequuntur fines [0517B] Judaeae, sed a *deserto, inquit, Sin,* id est tentationum. Post tentationes ergo sequuntur fines haereditatis Judae. Oriens et Occidens nominantur vicina loca, quae supra diximus, id est, confinia. Vallis quoque Aegypti vicina occidentalibus partibus designatur, quae a deserto est ad occidentem. Ab oriente vero cinguntur fines mari salso. Post haec a collibus, inquit, qui tendunt ad occidentem, et inde ascenditur ab occidente usque ad Cadesbarne, et sic protenditur ab occidente ad Cades. Hi sunt fines eorum ab Africa, et inde perrexit usque ad vallem Aegypti. Vide quomodo in occidentis partibus Africum Aegyptum et occasum nominat, ut sciat sibi quisque haec esse transeunda, et ita demum ad tribum regiam pervenire, de qua ortus est Dominus noster. A finibus [0517C] autem Idumaeae est desertum Sin; ideo necesse est nos transire eremum tentationum, ut possimus pervenire in haereditatem filiorum Juda. Ascendere quoque oportet ascensum collium Accabin, quod interpretatur scorpiones, quia transeundi sunt a nobis et calcandi scorpiones, de quibus scribit: *Ecce dedi vobis potestatem calcandi super serpentes et scorpiones,* etc. [n: (Luc. X.)] Qui ergo vult ingredi in haereditatem tribus Judae, ascendat istas ascensiones, calcet et evadat hos scorpiones. Forte hoc iter agenti Ezechieli dicebat Dominus, *Fili hominis, in medio scorpionum tu habitas [n: (Ezech. II)]*. Et sunt, inquit, fines usque ad Cadesbarne. Cades interpretatur sanctum vel sanctificatio. Fines ergo Judae usque ad sanctificationem perveniunt. Dicitur etiam ab orientis partibus [0517D] Judae esse mare salsum, et post haec in parte ejus nominatur fons solis, et civitas solis, et in eadem tribu est etiam civitas litterarum. Oportet ergo omnem qui vult introire in partem filiorum Juda, transire prius mare salsum, id est, mundi hujus undas et turbines superare, et omnia hujus mundi evadere quae pro sui incerto et lubrico, marinis fluctibus comparantur, ut possit ad Judaeae terram pervenire, et ad fontem solis justitiae, qui est *fons aquae salientis in vitam aeternam,* et postea civitatem solis justitiae invenire. Est et in Aegypto civitas solis, sed illa hujus solis nomen accepit quem Pater coelestis oriri jubet super bonos et malos [n: (Matth. V)]. Illa vero quae est in Judaea, sanctorum tantum efficitur, quia [0518A] civitas Dei est, et fons ille supra dictus, fluvius effectus, laetificat civitatem Dei [n: (Psal. XLV)]. Tu quoque si undique munitus sis, et continentiae muro circumdatus, patientiae et magnanimitatis turribus confirmatus, efficieris civitas Dei. Si vero ad hoc lumen scientiae Dei tibi addideris, et te sol justitiae irradiaverit, efficieris civitas solis, vel civitatem solis sorte haereditabis. Si autem in lege Dei die ac nocte studueris, et de manu tua liber legis non recesserit, efficietur haereditas tua civitas litterarum.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 20 in Jos.)] Non parum utilitatis confertur animae, etc., *usque ad* sed cum transierit dies una et altera et tertia, suo tempore per occultos meatus, relata ad visum, cibi vel poculi virtus paulatim purgat aspectum.

[0518B]VERS. 13.-- *Caleb vero. [n: (ADAM., hom. 20.)]* Initium distributionis Jesu, etc., *usque ad* Nota quod Caleb dicitur filius Jephone, et Othoniel filius Cenez, qui est Caleb junior, id est consanguineus.

VERS. 18.-- *Sedens in asino. Cui. [n: (GREG., lib. III Dialog., c. 34.)]* Axa super asinum sedet, etc., *usque ad* ut prius irriguum superius, et post inferius poneretur.

VERS. 63.-- *Jebusaeum autem habitatorem Jerusalem non potuerunt filii Juda delere. [n: (ADAM., hom. 11 in Jos.)]* Intelligimus spiritualiter habitasse Jebusaeum cum Judaeis in Jerusalem usque in praesentem diem secundum parabolam Evangelii, etc., *usque ad* hos non potuerunt ejicere filii Juda de Jerusalem usque in praesentem diem.

[0518C] *Jebusaeum,* id est conculcationem, scandalum scilicet in Ecclesia facientes, et qui percepta mysteriorum notitia, verbi Dei margaritas impugnando conculcant.

*[n: (ORIG. ubi supra.)] Jerusalem* Visio pacis interpretatur, etc., *usque ad* sed non omnes simul ejici possunt.

*In praesentem diem,* id est saeculi aeternitatem, more Scripturae. Sed hoc ad litteram stare non potest: quomodo enim Jebusaeus habitat cum filiis Juda in Jerusalem, quandiu durat hoc saeculum, cum nec filii Juda habitent ibi in saeculum?

## CAPUT XVI.

VERS. 1.-- *Cecidit,* etc. [n: (AUG., quaest. 19 in Jos.)] [0518D] Sequitur. VERS. 10.-- *Habitavitque Chananaeus.* Et habitabat Chananaeus in Ephrem, etc., *usque ad* Unde apparet a LXX interpositum, qui factum esse noverant.

[n: (GREG., lib. IV Moral., c. 22.)] Chananaeus, gentilis scilicet populus etc., *usque ad* quod ex se majora non subigit.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 21 in Jos.)] Ephrem interpretatur *fructificatio,* etc., *usque ad* Subjecit Chananaeos filiis Ephrem.

## CAPUT XVII.

VERS. 12.-- *Nec potuerunt. [n: (ADAM., hom. 22 in Jos.)]* Chananaei tertio dicuntur esse in filiis Ephrem, [0519A] etc., *usque ad* exterminari a nobis dicitur Chananaeus.

[n: (ADAM., nom. 22.)] Illud quoque praetereundum est, etc., *usque ad* in dotem transcribit.

VERS. 14.-- *Locutique sunt. [n: (ORIG., hom. 22.)]* Post haec videndum est, etc., *usque ad* ut naturalis vigor ingenitae virtutis effulgeat.

*Non poterimus ad montana. [n: (ADAM., ibid.)]* Non sufficit nobis mons, etc., *usque ad* de Israelitis faciant Chananaeos.

## CAPUT XVIII.

VERS. 6.-- *Mittam vobis. [n: (ADAM., hom. 23 in Jos.)]* In consuetudine hominum, etc., *usque ad* ut non alii daretur terrestris, quae est figura coelestis

[n: (ID., hom. 23.)] Bethlehem quoque non sine certa [0519B] ratione in fontem Judae discernitur, etc., *usque ad* Unde Timotheo ait: *Memor esto verborum quae commendo fidelibus hominibus, et his qui idonei sunt alios docere [n: (II Tim. II)]*.

## CAPUT XIX.

VERS. 1.-- *Filiorum. [n: (AUG., quaest. 20 in Jos.)]* Et Amorrhaeus permansit ut habitaret in Elon, etc., *usque ad* quod ille non faceret.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 24 in Jos.)] Juxta LXX mansit Amorrhaeus habitare in Elon et in Sannanim, etc., *usque ad* Et abierunt filii Ephrem peragrare terram secundum fines suos.

VERS. 49.-- *Cumque. [n: (ADAM., hom. 24.)]* Vide mansuetudinem et humilitatem Jesu, etc., *usque ad* ut [0519C] libenter Dominus Jesus introeat cordis nostri hospitium.

## CAPUT XX.

VERS. 2.-- *Separate urbes fugitivorum,* etc. [n: (ORIG., hom. 34 in Num.)] Ad civitates refugii confugiunt non omnes homicidae, sed qui ignoranter homicidium commiserunt. Sunt enim aliqua peccata, quae si proposito ac voluntate committimus, homicidas nos faciunt, et sunt alia quae nos, si ignoranter admittimus, decernitur nobis, credo, et praeparatur ex praecepto Dei aliquis locus, ubi ad certum tempus habitare debeamus, si qui non voluntaria peccata commisimus, si tamen mundi inveniamur ab his peccatis quae voluntate commissa sunt. Et ob hoc secernuntur quaedam civitates refugii.

## CAPUT XXI.

[0519D]

VERS. 1.-- *Accesserunt. [n: (ADAM., hom. 25 in Jos.)]* Omnes filii Israel acceperunt sortes suas in terra, etc., *usque ad* et recumbet cum Abraham, cum Isaac et Jacob in regno coelorum.

[n: (ADAMANT. hom. 26.)] Supra dictum est, etc., *usque ad* orbem terrae implevit, et dona spiritalia credentibus tribuit.

VERS. 39.-- *Itaque.* [n: (ISID.)] Quod quadraginta duae urbes accipiunt Levitae, praedicatio significatur sanctorum. Ipsi enim possident doctrinam, quae constat [0520A] ex decalogo legis, et quadrifario numero Evangelii, quasi quaterdenas urbes habentes: quibus etiam adduntur duae; quia cuncta quae praedicant, morali et mystico sensu annuntiant.

VERS. 41.-- *Deditque Dominus. [n: (AUG., quaest. 21.)]* Quaeritur cum Israel non solum usque ad diem mortis Jesu, etc., *usque ad* jam data fuerat in quamdam exercitationis utilitatem.

VERS. 42.-- *Nullusque eis. [n: (ID., quaest. 22.)]* Quod ait, etc., *usque ad* antequam singulis tribubus sua loca defendenda dividerentur.

## CAPUT XXII.

VERS. 1.-- *Eodem tempore. [n: (ADAMAN., hom. 26 in Job.)]* Congregat Jesus filios Ruben et Gad, etc., *usque ad* omni impugnatione cessante.

[0520B]VERS. 10.-- *Cumque. [n: (ADAMANT., hom. 26.)]* Filii Ruben et Gad et dimidia tribus Manasse, etc., *usque ad* fit ergo unus grex, et unus pastor: illi justi, et isti justi Christiani.

VERS. 17.-- *Multi.* [n: (ADAM.)] Cadebat ergo aliquando populus in deserto et moriebatur, etc., *usque ad* et ubi est verus Israel in Christo Jesu Domino nostro.

VERS. 29.-- *Exstructo. [n: (AUG., quaest. 32 in Jos.)] Et in sacrificiis salutarium nostrorum.* Quia pluraliter dicta sunt sacrificia, etc., *usque ad* Solus enim Salvator est ipse

## CAPUT XXIII.

VERS. 14.-- *En ego hodie ingrediar. (AUG., quaest. [0520C] 24.)* Quod autem dicit Jesus, etc., *usque ad* ideo et hic ita hoc verbum interpretatum est.

## CAPUT XXIV.

VERS. 3.-- *Tuli ergo patrem vestrum.* [n: (AUG.)] Quod LXX habent, etc., *usque ad* quod est verum semen Abrahae.

VERS. 11.-- *Pugnaverunt. [n: (AUG., quaest. 26 in Jos.)]* Clausis portis se murorum ambitu tuebantur, etc., *usque ad* armata defensio.

VERS. 12.-- *Crabrones. [n: (AUG., quaest 27.)]* LXX: *Vespas.* Id est forte translative acerrimos timoris aculeos, quibus quodammodo timoribus pungebantur fugerent, aut aereos occultos spiritus, quod in Psalmis dicitur, *per angelos malos,* nisi quis dicat, non omnia quae facta sunt esse scripta, et velit veras [0520D] vespas intelligi.

VERS. 19.-- *Non poteritis. [n: (AUG., quaest. 28 in Jos.)]* Non poteritis servire Domino, etc., *usque ad* et postea superabundaret gratia per Jesum Christum, qui est finis legis.

VERS. 23.-- *Auferte. [n: (AUG., quaest. 29 in Jos.)]* Quid est quod ait, etc., *usque ad: facie ad faciem cognoscamus eum [n: (I Cor. XIII)]*.

*[n: (AUG., quaest. 30 in Jos.)] Et disposuit Jesus testamentum,* etc. Haec verba qui altius perscrutantur, etc., *usque ad: sed omnes me dereliquerunt, quod non illis imputetur [n: (II Tim. IV)]*.

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## PREFACE.

[0505D]

[n: (HIERON., Div. Biblioth., tom. VIII, col. 461.)] At length, the Pentateuch of Moses being finished, as men released from a great debt of interest, we set our hand to Jesus the son of Nave, etc.

[n: (ADAMANTIUS, hom. 1 in Josue.)] God gave to Jesus Christ the name *which is above every name*: and this is *Jesus.* Therefore *in the name of Jesus every knee is bowed, of things in heaven, of things on earth, and of things under the earth.* [var: Vulg. Phlp 2:10 *ut in nomine Jesu omne genu flectatur*, "that in the name of Jesus every knee should bow"] And because this is the name above every name, therefore in no generations before was it named. In Genesis we read of many just men, and not one of them was named Jesus. [0506D] In Exodus I find this for the first time [n: (Exod. XVII)], etc., *as far as* while we sin, and the vices of the passions reign in us, although, our idols left behind, we seem to have gone out from Egypt, yet the reproach of Egypt has not been taken away from us. But if thou shalt have been circumcised a second time, and shalt have cut away from thee every vice, of anger, of pride, of envy, of lust and the like, the reproaches of Egypt shall be wiped away, and, carried over into the land of promise, thou shalt receive the heavenly inheritance through Jesus Christ our Lord.

## CHAPTER ONE.

VERS. 2.-- *Moses the servant (ADAMANT., hom. 2 in [0507A] Josue.) Moses my servant is dead.* [var: Vulg. Jos 1:2 *Moyses servus meus mortuus est*; Migne's quotation gives *famulus* where the Vulgate has *servus*, though his own catchword above is *servus*] Mark how Jesus reigns, etc., *as far as* he is a spiritual Moses who lives in the spirit.

*Arise and pass over,* etc. Now therefore, rising up, pass over this Jordan, etc. See how Jesus the Son of God was Moses' minister. *When the fulness of time was come, God sent his Son, made of a woman, made under the law [n: (Gal. IV)]*, for because he was made under the law of Moses, he was made the minister of Moses. And he was made Christ's [cj: *Christi*; read *Christus*, "Christ was made a minister"] minister of the circumcision, to confirm the promises of the Fathers.

VERS. 3.-- *Every place,* etc. [n: (Orig., hom. 2 in Jos.)] The letter of the law is set upon the ground, and lies below, etc., *as far as* that thou mayest be made not only an heir of God, but a co-heir of Christ.

VERS. 4.-- *From the desert and Libanus,* etc. [n: (ORIG., ibid.)] [0507B] The wilderness and Antilibanus. He did not say *Libanus,* but *Antilibanus,* etc., *as far as* the Church gathered out of the Gentiles through Jesus Christ.

[n: (AUG., quaest. 1 in Josue, tom. III.)] From this testimony and from others it is proved that Moses died as a servant of God and pleasing to God, although in him that vengeance was fulfilled, that he should not enter the land of promise. From which it is given us to understand that God avenges some things bodily or temporally even upon his good servants, and yet holds them among the honourable and useful vessels.

*And Josue commanded. [n: (AUG., quaest. 2.)]* It is asked how he commanded this, after the Lord had exhorted him, etc., *as far as* his arrangement is changed at the divinely prompted suggestion of Jethro.

*And to the Rubenites also. [n: (ADAMAN., hom. 3 in Josue.)]* Let us consider [0507C] what figure the two tribes and a half hold, etc., *as far as* they who hold back the land flowing with milk and honey in the bitterness of malice.

## CHAPTER II.

VERS. 1.-- *He sent therefore,* etc. [n: (BEDA in Josue. )] The city of Jericho is the world, to which the Lord Christ sent the two Testaments to search out the manners of men. For in it, that he might more fully prove the faith of them that believe or the stubbornness of the rebellious, before the coming of his judgment he appointed, as it were two spies, the Law and the Gospel.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 3.)] Spies are sent by Jesus into Jericho, etc., *as far as* if in the mercy of his Lord he shall have understood his goodness.

VERS. 16.-- *Get you up to the mountains,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 3.)] The wise harlot gives mystical and heavenly counsel, etc., *as far as* she who was once a harlot has been cleansed in water and in the Holy Ghost and in the blood of Christ.

## CHAPTER III.

VERS. 3.-- *When you shall see the ark of the testimony of our God, and the priests, and the Levites carrying it,* [var: Vulg. Jos 3:3 *Quando videritis arcam foederis Domini Dei vestri, et sacerdotes stirpis Leviticae portantes eam*, "the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, and the priests of the Levitical stock carrying it"] etc. [n: (AUG., quaest, 3 in Josue.)] It was commanded that the ark go before at a distance, etc., *as far as* the cloud withdrawn, as it were the veil taken away.

*Go before the people. [n: (ORIG., hom. IV.)]* The people is led forth by the priests, and makes its way to the land of promise under the teaching of the priests. *And below:* For it is they [0508A] who teach the people to go out of Egypt, that is, out of the errors of the world, and to pass through the vast wilderness, that is, to run through the diverse kinds of temptations.

VERS. 7.-- *This day will I begin to exalt thee,* etc. [n: (ID., ubi supra. )] Many wonders were wrought in the wilderness, and nowhere is Jesus said to be exalted. But where the Jordan is passed, it is said to him: *This day will I begin to exalt thee,* etc. For the exaltation of Jesus in the sight of the people takes its beginning from baptism. For they that are baptized are baptized in his death, whose death is accomplished in the exaltation of the cross. Rightly therefore is Jesus then first exalted for each of the faithful, when he comes to the mystery of baptism. Whence: *God exalted him, and gave him the name which is above every name,* etc.

[0508B]VERS. 9.-- *Of the Lord your God,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 4 in Jos.)] To the sinner every creature is an enemy, etc., *as far as: who turned the rock into pools of waters, and the stony hill into fountains,* etc.

VERS. 10.-- *The Chanaanite,* possessing, or a possession, or traders, or movable. *The Hethite,* dreading or amazed. *The Hevite,* gathering stones. *The Pherezite,* separating, or scattering abroad. *The Gergesite,* bring near the husbandman, or casting out the husbandman, or a stranger drawing near. *The Amorrhite,* bitter or speaking. *The Jebusite,* treading down, or their manger.

VERS. 15.-- *[The Jordan] had filled the banks at the time of harvest.* The LXX: *As in the days of the wheat harvest.* This seems incredible for our regions, but there (as they relate who have known it) in the [0508C] beginning of spring is the wheat harvest: and then that river overflows and is filled more than through the winter.

VERS. 16.-- *The waters that came down stood,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 4.)] I judge that it was not written without a reason of mystery, etc., *as far as* and one Spirit by whom all are purified in baptism, and one God the Father of all.

## CHAPTER IV.

VERS. 7.-- *For ever.* [n: (AUG.)] How for ever, since heaven and earth pass away? Or is it because it signifies something eternal, since they themselves cannot be eternal? Although what is in the Greek can be said in Latin unto the age.

VERS. 10.-- *And the people made haste and passed over,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 2.)] They who passed the Red Sea [0508D] were baptized in Moses, etc., *as far as* when there is now none to terrify the children of Israel.

VERS. 14.-- *In that day,* etc. Jesus has always been exalted with the Father; but there is need that God exalt him in our sight, that is, that we may know the height of his divinity. And this comes to pass if we shall have passed the Jordan, and be armed with the diverse defences of the sacraments for the wars to come.

VERS. 16.-- *Command the priests.* [n: (AUG., in Josue. )] Charge the priests that carry the ark of the testament, etc., *as far as* because the Old Testament was given in testimony of the thing to come.

*And the people. [n: (ADAMANT., hom. 2.)]* Not without cause is it marked when they come to the Jordan, etc., [0509A] *as far as* that they may signify that many perfections hang upon one day

*Twelve also,* that is, the mystery of the lamb was commanded in Egypt, because on the same day on which we flee the errors of the world, we enter the land of promise. For the whole present life is one day: to-day therefore, that is, while we live, let us make haste to perfection, and not put it off until the morrow.

*Twelve also.* [n: (ISID.)] The children of Israel, passing over the Jordan, took up out of the midst of the river twelve stones, which they set for a testimony in the place of the second circumcision, to signify to us that, when we rise up from the laver, we ought to carry with us the most firm examples of the apostolic life, whose testimony we should always look upon for the imitation of the virtues.

## CHAPTER V.

[0509B]

VERS. 2.-- *Circumcise Israel the second time. [n: (AUG., quaest. 6. in Job.)]* It is asked: why did he say *Again,* etc., *as far as* or by certain heretics separated from the fellowship of the Israelites?

*Make thee knives of stone,* etc. [n: (ISID. in Job. )] Let the Jews say: how can any man be circumcised a second time with a fleshly circumcision? etc., *as far as* because through one member the stain is spread over the whole body.

VERS. 5.-- *And the people. [n: (ADAM., hom. 6.)]* They who had not been obedient to the commandments of the Lord are called uncircumcised. From which it is understood that they are called uncircumcised who obey not the commandments of God; and because God loves every soul, he sent Jesus the Son of God, who should circumcise both the worthy and the unworthy, [0509C] not the son of Nave, who did not truly and perfectly circumcise the people, but Jesus the Son of God, who truly cleansed body and soul from every defilement of sin.

VERS. 8.-- *But after all were circumcised.* And the children of Israel, being circumcised, rested in the same place, sitting in the camp, until they were healed. It is not enough to be circumcised; it is needful after circumcision to be healed, and that a scar be drawn over the wound. To be circumcised therefore by Jesus is to lay aside vices and depraved habits and the worst practices, and to cut away whatever disagrees with the rule of honesty. But in doing this we are held fast by a certain difficulty, since it is with a certain grief of mind that we shun the guilt of habit by a new practice: at this time therefore we are said to sit still, as it were in the pain of our circumcision, [0509D] until, the scar being drawn over, we are healed, that is, until we fulfil the new practices without difficulty, and that which before seemed unwonted and hard is turned into use; and then it is rightly said to us: *This day have I taken away from you the reproach of Egypt*

*And they kept the pasch.* After the reproach of Egypt was taken away, the children of Israel kept the pasch on the fourteenth day of the month. For neither before circumcision, nor after, before they were healed, could they eat the flesh of the lamb: thou seest therefore that no unclean man keeps the pasch, no uncircumcised man. Whence: *Christ our pasch is immolated. Therefore let us celebrate the feast day, not with the old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth [n: (I Cr. XVI)]*. [var: Vulg. 1Cor 5:8 *Itaque epulemur*, "therefore let us feast"]

[0510A] *And they kept the pasch.* [n: (ISID. in Jos. )] After the circumcision of the Gospel, straightway in the place of revelation the pasch is celebrated, and the Lamb is immolated who takes away the sins of the world; and, the manna of the typical law failing, the people first eats the bread of the body of Christ, which the uncorrupted land of promise, that is the Virgin Mary, brought forth, whose grain, falling into the earth, brought forth very much fruit. Mark the order: after that, Jesus Christ being our leader, we pass through the streams of the laver, and are sealed by faith with the spiritual circumcision, then at last we celebrate the pasch, that is, we believe Christ immolated for the salvation of the world, and believing we are straightway fed with the bread of the Lord's body.

VERS. 11.-- *And they ate,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 6.)] But when the people went out of the land of Egypt, etc., [0510B] *as far as* For how is it thought that, the better food ceasing, a worse succeeded.

[n: (JUSTIN., Dialog. )] God in the beginning, before all creatures, begot out of himself a certain rational power, which is also called the Glory of the Lord, and sometimes the Son, Wisdom, Angel, Word, God, Lord. Sometimes also he calls himself the Master of the host, when he appeared in human form to Jesus the son of Nave.

*And he saw a man. [n: (ADAM., hom. 6 in Josue.)]* It came to pass, when Jesus was in Jericho, etc., *as far as* who, having received a kingdom, returned.

VERS. 15.-- *Josue fell flat,* etc. It can be asked whether he prostrated himself to an angel and called him Lord, or rather that, because he understood him to be God, understanding [0510C] by whom he had been sent, he called that same one Lord, and prostrated himself to him.

[n: (ORIG., hom. 6 in Josue.)] Jesus is in Jericho, etc., *as far as* God straightway gladly cleaves to us and stands by us.

## CHAPTER VI.

VERS. 1.-- *Now Jericho,* etc. [n: (ISID., in Jos., cap. 7.)] Jericho is interpreted *moon*, etc., *as far as* that is, outside the Church no man is saved.

VERS. 8.-- *And when Josue had ended his words. [n: (ADAMAN., hom. 5 in Jos.)]* Jericho is overthrown by the trumpets of the priests, etc., *as far as* and the doctrines of the philosophers.

VERS. 17.-- *And let the city be [n: (ADAM., hom. 7.)]* Keep yourselves from the anathema, etc., *as far as* and they make the people [0510D] of God to be overcome.

VERS. 20.-- *Therefore.* [n: (ID.)] All the people is said to have shouted with a great shout, etc., *as far as* the men of the world were striving.

*And the trumpets sounding.* Every one of us ought to fulfil these things in himself. Thou hast in thee Jesus for thy leader through faith. Make thee beaten trumpets out of the Holy Scriptures, thence draw thy meanings, thence thy discourses; for that is why they are called beaten trumpets. Sound upon them, that is, in psalms, in hymns, in spiritual canticles. If thou shalt have sounded upon such trumpets, and shalt have carried the ark of the testament about seven times, that is, if thou separate not the mystical precepts of the law from the evangelical trumpets, so also thou exact from thyself the consent of jubilation, that is, if the people of thy thoughts [0511A] and of thy senses always utter a concordant and consonant voice; and if thou do not at one time speak truth and at another lie by flattering, if thou be not now bland, [offering] remission, now truculent with wrath; and if within thee the flesh lust not against the spirit and the spirit against the flesh, send forth the voice of jubilation, because the world has been overcome for thee. Hence Paul was saying: *But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified to me, and I to the world [n: (Gal. V)]*.

*The walls immediately fell.* At the coming of Jesus the walls of Jericho were overthrown, at the coming of Christ the world is overcome. Whence Paul: *That which was contrary to us, he took out of the way, fastening it to the cross, and stripping off the principalities and powers, he led them away freely, triumphing over them on the wood of the cross [n: (Col. 2)]*. [var: Vulg. Col 2:14–15 *et ipsum tulit de medio, affigens illud cruci : et expolians principatus, et potestates traduxit confidenter, palam triumphans illos in semetipso*, "despoiling … confidently, openly triumphing over them in himself"] [0511B] From these words I understand that the heavenly powers, principalities and powers, seeing the battle of Jesus, and the strong man bound, and his vessels spoiled, sounded out with heavenly trumpets, because, the prince of the world being bound, the world was overcome, and the heavenly host gave the voice of jubilation in the triumph of Christ [n: (Matth. XII)]. Truly therefore is that people of the Gentiles delivered which has known this jubilation, and acknowledges and believes the mysteries.

VERS. 23.-- *And the young men going in brought out* [n: (ADAM.)] *Rahab the harlot, and Jesus gave life to all the house of her father,* etc., *as far as* and they who were first were made last.

## CHAPTER VII.

VERS. 1.-- *And the Lord was angry,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 7.)] It is not to be run over idly, etc., *as far [0511C] as* than to go with me into hell.

[n: (AUG., quaest. 8 in Josue.)] It is wont to be asked how vengeance is justly taken upon some for the sins of another, etc., *as far as* which he himself does in his own judgment, whereto human power does not aspire.

VERS. 21.-- *And a rule. [n: (ADAM., hom. 7.)]* Now he stole a golden tongue, etc., *as far as* which was to the thief the cause of sin.

*And a rule.* The LXX: *A tongue,* that is, the doctrines of the heretics, or the superstitious studies of secular letters. For this is the golden tongue, fitted out with brilliant speech. This the heretics stole from Jericho, as it were a golden rule, who attempted to bring in the sect of the philosophers into the Church: by whose anathema [0511D] many are lost, and, as by a heap of stones, are put out by the multitude of sins: whose leader the devil, who through their impiety had conquered certain of the faithful, is again overcome and vanquished, and, hanged up by the people of God, is slain by the power of the cross.

[n: (ISID., in Jos.)] Jericho signifies the world: he hides of its anathema in his own tabernacle who inserts worldly manners into the secret places of the Church; who, abiding under the worship of God, loves the solemnities or the shows of the world; who seeks out diviners, soothsayers and augurs, or does the rest of the things that were had in Jericho, that is, in the world.

*And they stoned him.* [n: (AUG., quaest. in Jos. )] It is asked, since the Lord him who had committed the theft, etc., *as far as* to die together with those consumed with him for his own sin.

## CHAPTER VIII.

[0512A]

VERS. 1.-- *And the Lord said,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 8.)] At the first we were overcome because of sins, etc. *as far as* who follow Jesus, from the burden of the law.

[n: (AUG., quaest. 10 in Jos.)] When any man has undertaken a just war, etc., *as far as* he is to be judged not so much the author of the war as its minister.

[n: (ID., quaest. 11.)] It must be asked whether every will to deceive is to be reckoned for a lie, and if it is so, whether there can be a just lie, by which he is deceived who is worthy to be deceived. And if this indeed is not found to be just, it remains that, according to some signification, this which was done by way of ambush be referred to the truth.

VERS. 15.-- *And fleeing.* [n: (ADAM., ibid. )] What, [0512B] thinkest thou, does Jesus signify by fleeing? etc., *as far as* who flee fornication, guile, lying and the like.

VERS. 24.-- *Therefore all being slain.* [n: (ADAM., ibid. )]. They struck them with the edge of the sword, etc., *as far as* to be crowned for the palm of victory and by the merit of virtue?

VERS. 29.-- *The king. [n: (ID., homil. 8.)]* The king of Hai is hanged upon a double tree, etc., *as far as* but of the devil he says: *The last enemy death shall be destroyed,* etc. [n: (I Cor. XV.)] [var: Vulg. 1Cor 15:26 *Novissima autem inimica destruetur mors* — feminine, agreeing with *mors*; Migne's masculine makes the last enemy the devil, which is what the gloss requires]

[n: (ID.)] The LXX: *In the double tree,* that is, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, etc., *as far as* He is the last Adam in a quickening spirit.

VERS. 30.-- *Then he built,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 9.)] Jesus built an altar to the Lord God of Israel, etc., [0512C] *as far as* who are worthy for the building of the altar.

VERS. 33.-- *And all the people. [n: (ORIG., hom. 9.)]* And all Israel and the elders, etc., *as far as* by fulfilling, that is, in work the things that are written in the law.

*As the stranger.* [n: (ID., ibid. )] But both the proselyte and the native together, etc., *as far as* and let them beware of running into the penalties appointed for sinners.

*After this he read.* [n: (ADAM., ibid. )] It is related, etc., *as far as: that we may know the things that are given us from God [n: (II Cor. II)]*.

VERS. 35.-- *Nothing of these things.* [n: (ID.)] There was not a word of those things which Moses commanded, etc., *as far as* or who now strive to be joined to the faithful.

## CHAPTER IX.

[0512D] *Being assembled,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom. 9 in Jos.)] From these things which were done, etc., *as far as* Satan shall be crushed under the feet of his servants [n: (Rom. XVI)]. [var: Vulg. Rom 16:20 *Deus autem pacis conterat Satanam sub pedibus vestris velociter*, "may the God of peace crush Satan under your feet speedily"]

VERS. 3.-- *But they who,* etc. [n: (ID., hom. 10.)] In my Father's house there are many mansions [n: (Joan. XIV)], etc. *as far as* thou hear not the words of him that calls thee back to thy former liberty, thou become the servant of sin for ever.

VERS. 19.-- *We have sworn. [n: (AUG., quaest. 13 in Jos.)]* It is asked how the Hebrews believed that this oath was to be kept to the Gabaonites, etc., *as far as* if he had not done what he had sworn when troubled by anger, than if he had performed it.

[n: (ISID. in Jos.)] The Gabaonites signify those who believe, and who seem to be devout toward the servants of God or to hold the worship of the Church, [0513A] yet have nothing of amendment or of devotion or of renewal in their manners, such men only put forward for a time within the Church a certain sign of salvation. But among the spiritual, that is, among the saints of God, they do not obtain the eternal kingdom or liberty.

## CHAPTER X.

VERS. 4.-- *Come up to me. [n: (ORIG., hom. 11 in Josue.)]* When the soul joins itself to the word of God, etc., *as far as* and it shakes off the coming of night.

*Being assembled therefore,* etc. [n: (AUG., quaest. 15 in Jos.)] It is asked how the king of Jerusalem, etc., *as far as* and yet that whole land is originally called the land of Chanaan.

VERS. 7.-- *And Josue went up,* etc. *(AUG. quaest. [0513B] 14.)* When the Gabaonites, besieged by the kings of the Amorrhites, had sent to Jesus, etc., *as far as* and he in some sort rewarded this faith of theirs.

*For five kings had fled,* etc. [n: (ADAM., hom 11 in Josue.)] What is it that he says, etc., *as far as* for this is that Jerusalem was at one time under king Adonisedec, or other cities under others.

[n: (ADAM., ibid.)] Jesus slays the enemies, not teaching credulity, etc., *as far as* Jesus Christ alone may reign in thee.

VERS. 19.-- *But stay you not. [n: (ADAM., hom. 12.)]* The wars of Jesus and the slaughters of kings and of enemies, etc., *as far as: because the Lord God hath delivered all the enemies into your hands.*

[n: (ADAM., hom. 13.)] All these things happened in figure [0513C] to them. And they were written for our sakes, etc., *as far as* into the inheritance of the holy land in the Israelite portion, our enemies being destroyed [n: (Ephes. II)].

## CHAPTER XI.

VERS. 1.-- *And when Jabin had heard,* etc. [n: (ADAMANT., hom. 24 in Jos.)] When Israel according to the flesh read these Scriptures before the coming of Christ etc., *as far as* that they may assault us who follow Jesus our Saviour, but the Lord says: *Fear not before their face,* etc. [var: Vulg. Jos 11:6 *Ne timeas eos*, "Fear them not"]

VERS. 11.-- *For to-morrow at this same hour. [n: (ADAMAN., hom. 14 in Jos.)]* I see that to-day we cannot crush them all, nor slay them every one: on the morrow they shall be destroyed, that is, after the consummation [0513D] of the world, when it shall be said to them: *Go into everlasting fire which God hath prepared for the devil and his angels [n: (Matth. XXV)]*. [var: Vulg. Mt 25:41 *Discedite a me maledicti in ignem aeternum, qui paratus est diabolo, et angelis ejus*, "Depart from me, you cursed, into everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels"] For then, if we shall have conquered, following Jesus our leader, we shall receive the kingdom which God hath prepared for his saints through Jesus Christ.

[n: (ID., hom. 15.)] Unless these wars bore the figure of spiritual things, etc., *as far as* Jesus therefore did as the Lord had commanded him.

[n: (ORIG.)] This therefore Jesus fulfilled according to the commandment of God, etc., *as far as* which is Christ, and, at his own bidding, to be slaughtered, that nothing may remain in us that breathes.

VERS. 12.-- *And all,* etc. [n: (ADAM.)] In us all sin has reigned and has been in all, etc., [0514A] *as far as* nor dost thou fulfil the precept which the Lord Jesus gave.

*As Moses had commanded him,* etc. This is the word of the law, according to that: *They have Moses and the prophets, let them hear them [n: (Luc. XVI)]*. The law therefore has commanded us to slay all the kings of sin, who provoke us to sin. So did Jesus, nor did he transgress in anything. For it is he who destroys the vices in us and the kingdoms of sin. Christ also did all things that Moses commanded in the law, whence: *God sent his Son, made of a woman [n: (Gal. IV)]*, etc. For he fulfilled all things that the law commanded, that he might redeem us from the curse of the law, who says: *I came not to destroy the law, but to fulfil [n: (Matth. V)]*.

VERS. 15.-- *As the Lord had commanded Moses his servant, [0514B] so did Moses command. [n: (AUG., quaest. 16 in Jos.)]* It is not to be thought cruelty that Jesus left none alive in the cities delivered to him, because God had commanded these things. But they who here judge that God himself was cruel, and therefore are unwilling to believe that the true God was the author of the Old Testament, judge as perversely of the works of God as of the sins of men, not knowing of what each man is worthy, and thinking it a great evil when men doomed to fall are cast down and mortals die.

VERS. 19.-- *There was not. [n: (AUG., quaest. 17.)]* It is asked: how is this true, since neither afterwards from the time of the judges nor of the kings could the Hebrews take absolutely all the cities of those seven nations? But either it is to be understood thus, that Jesus came against no city in war [0514C] which he did not take, or certainly that none of them was taken, but of those which were in the regions mentioned above. For the regions have been enumerated in which were the cities concerning which that conclusion was made, and he took them all in war.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 15.)] And Jesus took in war all who had gone out to war, etc., *as far as* when we do not their works.

[n: (AUG., quaest. 18 in Jos.)] Because it was brought about by the Lord that their heart was strengthened, etc., *as far as* they should take partly by fighting.

VERS. 23.-- *And the land rested. [n: (ORIG., homil. 15.)]* Not under Jesus the son of Nave, under whom it almost never ceased from wars, but under Jesus Christ. For thou hast come to Jesus, and in baptism hast obtained the remission of sins [0514D]; now in thee the flesh does not fight against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh [n: (Galat. V)]. Thy land therefore has ceased from wars, if thou so carry about the death of Jesus in thy body that, all battles in thee ceasing, thou be made a true peacemaker, and be called a son of God. But this shall be when thou hast finished the wars, and hast subdued thine adversaries: then shalt thou rest under thy vine, which is Christ, and under thy fig tree, which is the Holy Ghost.

## CHAPTER XII.

VERS. 1.-- [n: (HIER., de Loc. Hebr.)] Astaroth Carnaim, the land of the giants, formerly, upon the brow of the Sodomites whom Chodorlaomor slew. And there are to this day two forts in Batanea of this name, [0515A] separated from one another by nine miles. Edrai, where Og king of Basan, a giant, was slain. But now it is Adara, a notable city of Arabia, at the twenty-fourth milestone from Osdra. Esebon, the city of Sehon king of the Amorrhites, in the land of Galaad: which, though it had before belonged to the Moabites, was possessed by the Amorrhites by the right of war. Salecha, a city of king Og, in the region of Basanitis. Machati, a city of the Amorrhites upon the Jordan, near mount Ermon. Jarimuth, a city which Jesus overthrew, in the tribe of Juda, distant at the fourth milestone from Eleutheropolis, near the village of Eschaol. Lachis, in the tribe of Juda. Isaias and Jeremias make mention of this, and now it is a village at the seventh mile from Eleutheropolis. Erma was in the lot of Simeon, or of Juda, etc.

## CHAPTER XIII.

[0515B]

[n: (ADAMAN., hom. 16 in Jos.)] Priests and elders are not so called for length of life, etc., *as far as* as he is first in all things, because he is the head of all.

VERS. 1.-- *And the land.* [n: (ID.)] Another reading: *And there was left very much land.* It was said above, etc., *as far as* but he who shall be subjected of necessity, when the last enemy death shall be destroyed, shall not be in grace.

VERS. 6.-- *And all the Sidonians. [n: (ADAM., hom. 16.)]* When Jesus had enumerated very many nations, of the Sidonians alone he said: *And all the Sidonians will I destroy from before the face of the children of Israel.* But the Sidonians are interpreted hunters. These are the demons of whom the Prophet says: *They have prepared snares for my feet [n: (Psal. LVI)]*. These [0515C] the Lord destroys, that there be none to stretch out snares and nets for the deceiving of souls: and that every man may rest under his own vine and under his own fig tree.

VERS. 7.-- *And now.* But after this it is read that Moses gave an inheritance to certain men, and afterwards Jesus, according to the commandment of the Lord, distributed the inheritance. By Moses understand the law: they who lived according to the law received the inheritance first, but outside the land of promise. And when they had received it, they do not possess it, nor divide it among themselves; but they wait until it be distributed to them by lot through Jesus. Hence the Apostle says: *All these, having testimony through faith, have not yet obtained the promises, God providing something better for us, that they should not be consummated without us [n: (Hebr. XI)]*. [var: Vulg. Hbr 11:39–40 *Et hi omnes testimonio fidei probati, non acceperunt repromissionem, Deo pro nobis melius aliquid providente, ut non sine nobis consummarentur*, "approved by the testimony of faith, received not the promise"] They have therefore [0515D] now their promise and have rested, judged worthy through Moses to receive their inheritance, but still they fight for those who war under Jesus. For all the Fathers who slept before us fight with us and help us with their prayers, whence: *That synagogue shall lick up this synagogue, as the calf licks up the green herb of the field.* [var: Vulg. Nm 22:4 *Ita delebit hic populus omnes, qui in nostris finibus commorantur, quomodo solet bos herbas usque ad radices carpere*, "as the ox is wont to crop the herbs to the very roots"] For the synagogue of the Lord which went before us shall consume with mouth and tongue every contrary synagogue, that is, with prayers it shall consume our adversaries. With prayers therefore, and with meditation of the word of God, and with work and right understanding, must we fight.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 17.)] As shadows serve for a pattern of heavenly things, etc., *as far as* they receive the inheritance through Jesus.

[0516A] *To the tribe.* But to the Levites neither Moses gave an inheritance, nor Jesus. *Because God himself is their inheritance.* These are perhaps they who in the Church go before others by strength of mind and by the grace of merits. These are perhaps they who among the people of them that are to be saved bestow labour upon wisdom and knowledge, and keep their mind pure, and adorn [it] with all excellent virtues, and teach the simpler how they may come to salvation: whose inheritance is the Lord himself, who is wisdom, which they have loved before all others.

VERS. 15.-- *To the tribe of the children of Ruben,* etc. [n: (ID.)] Yet I find some difference in those things which Moses distributed, etc., *as far as: The blind man offering guidance to the blind shall fall into the pit with him.* [var: Vulg. Mt 15:14 *caecus autem si caeco ducatum praestet, ambo in foveam cadunt*, "if the blind lead the blind, both fall into the pit"]

VERS. 32.-- *This possession. [n: (ADAM., hom. 18 in Jos.)]* [0516B] Let us learn from the law, etc., *as far as: Jesus and Eleazar together for the dividing of the land.*

## CHAPTER XIV

VERS. 2.-- *Dividing all things by lot,* etc. [n: (ISID.)] The nations being blotted out, Josue divides by lot the land of promise among the peoples: Christ also cast out from before the face of his faithful the nations, that is, the spirits of the errors of the Gentiles, and divided the land by lot, bestowing upon each one his proper gifts.

VERS. 3.-- *For to two tribes.* [n: (ID.)] Moses beyond the Jordan to two tribes only, *as far as* the perfection therefore and the sum of all good things is in the Holy Ghost.

*Except the Levites.* [n: (ID.)] The Levites do not receive an inheritance of land, etc., *as far as* that they may be able to say: *The Lord [0516C] is the portion of the inheritance,* etc. [n: (Psal. XV.)]

VERS. 4.-- *Neither did they receive.* [n: (ID.)] Dwellings for the Levites, etc., *as far as* who live by the dispensing of all things.

VERS. 6.-- *And he spoke. [n: (ADAM., hom. 18.)]* Caleb first received an inheritance from Jesus, *as far as* for he himself taught and opened all things; he himself revealed to Paul that the law was spiritual.

*Thou knowest.* [n: (ID.)] This is what the Lord said, etc., *as far as* because he wrote all things wisely.

VERS. 11.-- *So strong.* For the holy man is alike strong, both in things present and in things past; both in things new and in things old; in the Gospels and in the law. This therefore is what he says, that he is strong under Jesus as he was then with Moses, because in the mysteries of both Testaments a watchful heart [0516D] is strong.

VERS. 12.-- *Give therefore.* The holy man seeks nothing lowly, nothing abject, but a high mountain, in which are great and fortified cities, because the wise man seizes fortified cities, and destroys the fortifications in which the wicked trust.

*In which. [n: (ADAM., hom. XVIII.)]* Cities and walls are the doctrines of the wicked, etc., *as far as* as he was made the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, in Christ Jesus.

VERS. 15.-- *And the land ceased,* etc. [n: (ADAM., homil. 19 in Jos.)] This is not written in the distribution of Moses, but in the distribution of Jesus. If therefore thou wilt be made worthy to obtain an inheritance from Jesus, it behoves [0517A] thee first to finish all wars and to stand in peace, that of the land of thy flesh it may be said: *because the land hath ceased from wars.*

## CHAPTER XV.

VERS. 1.-- *The lot therefore of the children of Juda,* etc. Whereas it is the custom of Holy Scripture to name the four quarters of the world, which they call axes or regions, in the description of the borders of the tribe of Juda only two are named. *And the borders, he says, of the children of the tribe of Juda were, according to their peoples, from the borders of Idumaea, from the desert of Sin toward the west.* [var: Vulg. Jos 15:1 *a termino Edom, desertum Sin, contra meridiem*, "from the border of Edom, the desert of Sin, toward the south"] And when he had described the borders from the west, he says, *and from the east the salt sea,* but the north and the south he passed over in silence. The borders therefore of Judaea are next to the borders of Idumaea, which is interpreted earthly: for after earthly things there follow straightway the borders [0517B] of Judaea, but from the *desert, he says, of Sin,* that is, of temptations. After temptations therefore follow the borders of the inheritance of Juda. The East and the West are named as the neighbouring places which we spoke of above, that is, the confines. The valley of Egypt also is marked as neighbouring the western parts, which is from the desert toward the west. But from the east the borders are girded by the salt sea. After these things, from the hills, he says, which stretch toward the west, and thence one goes up from the west as far as Cadesbarne, and so it is stretched out from the west to Cades. These are their borders from Africa, and thence it went on as far as the valley of Egypt. See how in the parts of the west he names Africus, Egypt and the sunset, that every man may know that these must be passed over by him, and so at last that he comes to the royal tribe, from which our Lord arose. But from the borders [0517C] of Idumaea is the desert of Sin; therefore it is necessary that we pass through the wilderness of temptations, that we may be able to come into the inheritance of the children of Juda. It behoves us also to go up the ascent of the hills of Accabin, which is interpreted scorpions, because scorpions must be passed by us and trodden upon, of which he writes: *Behold, I have given you power to tread upon serpents and scorpions,* etc. [n: (Luc. X.)] He therefore who wishes to enter into the inheritance of the tribe of Juda, let him go up these ascents, let him tread upon and escape these scorpions. Perhaps it was to Ezechiel, as he made this journey, that the Lord was saying, *Son of man, thou dwellest in the midst of scorpions [n: (Ezech. II)]*. And the borders, he says, are as far as Cadesbarne. Cades is interpreted holy or sanctification. The borders therefore of Juda reach as far as sanctification. It is said also that from the eastern parts [0517D] of Juda is the salt sea, and after these things in its portion is named the fountain of the sun, and the city of the sun, and in the same tribe there is also the city of letters. It behoves therefore every one who wishes to enter into the portion of the children of Juda to pass first the salt sea, that is, to overcome the waves and the whirlwinds of this world, and to escape all the things of this world which, for their uncertainty and slipperiness, are compared to the waves of the sea, that he may be able to come to the land of Judaea, and to the fountain of the Sun of justice, which is *a fountain of water springing up into life everlasting,* and afterwards to find the city of the Sun of justice. There is also in Egypt a city of the sun, but that one has received the name of this sun which the heavenly Father bids to rise upon the good and the bad [n: (Matth. V)]. But that which is in Judaea is made [the city] of the saints only, because [0518A] it is the city of God, and that fountain aforesaid, being made a river, makes glad the city of God [n: (Psal. XLV)]. Thou also, if thou be fortified on every side, and encompassed with the wall of continence, strengthened with the towers of patience and magnanimity, shalt be made the city of God. But if to this thou shalt have added for thyself the light of the knowledge of God, and the Sun of justice shall have shone upon thee, thou shalt be made the city of the sun, or shalt inherit by lot the city of the sun. But if thou shalt study in the law of God day and night, and the book of the law shall not have departed from thy hand, thine inheritance shall be made the city of letters.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 20 in Jos.)] Not a little profit is conferred upon the soul, etc., *as far as* but when one day and a second and a third have gone by, in its own time, through hidden passages, the power of the food or of the drink, carried back to the sight, little by little cleanses the vision.

[0518B]VERS. 13.-- *But Caleb. [n: (ADAM., hom. 20.)]* The beginning of the distribution of Jesus, etc., *as far as* Note that Caleb is called the son of Jephone, and Othoniel the son of Cenez, who is Caleb the younger, that is, his kinsman.

VERS. 18.-- *Sitting on an ass. To whom. [n: (GREG., lib. III Dialog., c. 34.)]* Axa sits upon an ass, etc., *as far as* that the upper watered ground should be set first, and the lower afterwards.

VERS. 63.-- *But the children of Juda could not destroy the Jebusite the inhabitant of Jerusalem. [n: (ADAM., hom. 11 in Jos.)]* We understand spiritually that the Jebusite dwelt with the Jews in Jerusalem unto the present day according to the parable of the Gospel, etc., *as far as* these the children of Juda could not cast out of Jerusalem unto the present day.

[0518C] *The Jebusite,* that is, a treading down, namely those who make a scandal in the Church, and who, having received the knowledge of the mysteries, tread down by assailing them the pearls of the word of God.

*[n: (ORIG. ubi supra.)] Jerusalem* is interpreted the vision of peace, etc., *as far as* but they cannot all be cast out at once.

*Unto the present day,* that is, the everlastingness of the age, after the manner of Scripture. But this cannot stand according to the letter: for how does the Jebusite dwell with the children of Juda in Jerusalem so long as this age lasts, when not even the children of Juda dwell there for ever?

## CHAPTER XVI.

VERS. 1.-- *There fell,* etc. [n: (AUG., quaest. 19 in Jos.)] [0518D] It follows. VERS. 10.-- *And the Chanaanite dwelt.* And the Chanaanite dwelt in Ephrem, etc., *as far as* Whence it appears to have been inserted by the LXX, who knew that it had been done.

[n: (GREG., lib. IV Moral., c. 22.)] The Chanaanite, that is, the gentile people etc., *as far as* that of itself it does not subdue greater things.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 21 in Jos.)] Ephrem is interpreted *fruitfulness,* etc., *as far as* He subjected the Chanaanites to the children of Ephrem.

## CHAPTER XVII.

VERS. 12.-- *Neither could they. [n: (ADAM., hom. 22 in Jos.)]* The Chanaanites are said a third time to be among the children of Ephrem, [0519A] etc., *as far as* the Chanaanite is said to be destroyed by us.

[n: (ADAM., nom. 22.)] That also is to be passed over, etc., *as far as* he transfers it as a dowry.

VERS. 14.-- *And they spoke. [n: (ORIG., hom. 22.)]* After these things it must be seen, etc., *as far as* that the natural vigour of inborn virtue may shine forth.

*We shall not be able to go up to the mountains. [n: (ADAM., ibid.)]* The mountain is not enough for us, etc., *as far as* they make Chanaanites out of Israelites.

## CHAPTER XVIII.

VERS. 6.-- *I will cast lots for you. [n: (ADAM., hom. 23 in Jos.)]* In the custom of men, etc., *as far as* that the earthly should not be given to another, which is a figure of the heavenly

[n: (ID., hom. 23.)] Bethlehem also is not without a sure [0519B] reason set apart to the fountain of Juda, etc., *as far as* Whence he says to Timothy: *Be mindful of the words which I commit to faithful men, and to those who are fit to teach others [n: (II Tim. II)]*. [var: Vulg. 2Tim 2:2 *et quae audisti a me per multos testes, haec commenda fidelibus hominibus, qui idonei erant et alios docere*, "the things thou hast heard of me by many witnesses, the same commend to faithful men"]

## CHAPTER XIX.

VERS. 1.-- *Of the children of Simeon. [n: (AUG., quaest. 20 in Jos.)]* And the Amorrhite remained to dwell in Elon, etc., *as far as* which he would not do.

[n: (ADAM., hom. 24 in Jos.)] According to the LXX the Amorrhite remained to dwell in Elon and in Sannanim, etc., *as far as* And the children of Ephrem went away to travel through the land according to their borders.

VERS. 49.-- *And when. [n: (ADAM., hom. 24.)]* See the meekness and the humility of Jesus, etc., *as far as* that [0519C] the Lord Jesus may gladly enter into the lodging of our heart.

## CHAPTER XX.

VERS. 2.-- *Separate the cities of the fugitives,* etc. [n: (ORIG., hom. 34 in Num.)] Not all murderers flee to the cities of refuge, but they who have committed murder unknowingly. For there are some sins which, if we commit them of set purpose and will, make us murderers, and there are others which, if we admit them unknowingly, there is decreed for us, I believe, and prepared by the commandment of God, some place where we ought to dwell for a certain time, if we have committed sins not voluntary, if yet we be found clean from those sins which have been committed with the will. And for this cause certain cities of refuge are set apart.

## CHAPTER XXI.

[0519D]

VERS. 1.-- *They came near. [n: (ADAM., hom. 25 in Jos.)]* All the children of Israel received their lots in the land, etc., *as far as* and he shall sit down with Abraham, with Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven.

[n: (ADAMANT. hom. 26.)] It was said above, etc., *as far as* he filled the world, and bestowed spiritual gifts upon them that believe.

VERS. 39.-- *And so.* [n: (ISID.)] In that the Levites receive forty-two cities, the preaching of the saints is signified. For they themselves possess the doctrine which consists [0520A] of the decalogue of the law and of the fourfold number of the Gospel, as it were having four times ten cities: to which two also are added; because all the things that they preach, they announce in a moral and in a mystical sense.

VERS. 41.-- *And the Lord gave. [n: (AUG., quaest. 21.)]* It is asked, since Israel not only unto the day of the death of Jesus, etc., *as far as* it had already been given for a certain profit of exercise.

VERS. 42.-- *And none of their enemies durst resist them. [n: (ID., quaest. 22.)]* In that he says, etc., *as far as* before their own places to be defended were divided to the several tribes.

## CHAPTER XXII.

VERS. 1.-- *At the same time. [n: (ADAMAN., hom. 26 in Job.)]* Jesus gathers together the children of Ruben and Gad, etc., *as far as* all assault ceasing.

[0520B]VERS. 10.-- *And when. [n: (ADAMANT., hom. 26.)]* The children of Ruben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasse, etc., *as far as* there is made therefore one flock and one shepherd: they just, and these just Christians.

VERS. 17.-- *Many.* [n: (ADAM.)] The people therefore sometimes fell in the desert and died, etc., *as far as* and where the true Israel is in Christ Jesus our Lord.

VERS. 29.-- *An altar being built. [n: (AUG., quaest. 32 in Jos.)] And in the sacrifices of our peace offerings.* Because the sacrifices are spoken of in the plural, etc., *as far as* For he himself alone is the Saviour

## CHAPTER XXIII.

VERS. 14.-- *Behold I shall this day enter in. (AUG., quaest. [0520C] 24.)* [var: Vulg. Jos 23:14 *En ego hodie ingredior viam universae terrae*, "Behold, this day I go into the way of all the earth" — Migne's future is the reading Augustine's question turns on] But in that Jesus says, etc., *as far as* therefore here also this word has been so interpreted.

## CHAPTER XXIV.

VERS. 3.-- *I took therefore your father.* [n: (AUG.)] In that the LXX have, etc., *as far as* which is the true seed of Abraham.

VERS. 11.-- *They fought. [n: (AUG., quaest. 26 in Jos.)]* With the gates shut they defended themselves by the circuit of the walls, etc., *as far as* an armed defence.

VERS. 12.-- *Hornets. [n: (AUG., quaest 27.)]* The LXX: *Wasps.* That is perhaps, by transference, the sharpest stings of fear, by which fears, being in some sort pricked, they should flee, or the hidden spirits of the air, which is said in the Psalms, *by evil angels,* unless someone say that not all the things which were done are written, and be willing that true [0520D] wasps be understood.

VERS. 19.-- *You shall not be able. [n: (AUG., quaest. 28 in Jos.)]* You shall not be able to serve the Lord, etc., *as far as* and afterwards grace might more abound through Jesus Christ, who is the end of the law.

VERS. 23.-- *Take away. [n: (AUG., quaest. 29 in Jos.)]* What is it that he says, etc., *as far as: face to face we may know him [n: (I Cor. XIII)]*.

*[n: (AUG., quaest. 30 in Jos.)] And Jesus ordained a testament,* etc. [var: Vulg. Jos 24:25 *Percussit ergo Josue in die illo foedus*, "Josue therefore made a covenant that day"] They who search these words more deeply, etc., *as far as: but all forsook me, which let it not be laid to their charge [n: (II Tim. IV)]*.

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